EPA Review Annex Documents - DFID

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As the Central American countries started negotiations with the United States, the DR realised that its exporters (primarily in the garment sector) would be in comparative disadvantage compared to its Central American counterparts if under the CAFTA they obtained an incremental market access as was agreed under the Caribbean Basin Initiative. After a series of analysis the DR decided, that it could not afford being excluded from trade negotiations with the United States. The rationale was purely defensive, due to the Central America position. In this context the DR approached the US to convey its interest to participate in the negotiations, however they received a negative response, indicating that the country was not ready for such commitment. As a reaction the DR signalled in different ways to the USA its seriousness to participate in such endeavour. One of the joint tasks taken by both countries was the re-enactment of the DR-US Trade and Investment Council (TIC), created in 1990 as a vehicle to resolve pending issues and to enhance cooperation in trade and investment. For the GODR the responsibility of the TIC was given to the Ministry of Trade and Commerce. Nine meetings took place between the two countries, where a series of issues were raised and pending issues resolved. After an intense political lobby complemented by advances at the TIC level, the US announced the inclusion of the DR in the CAFTA negotiation, under the scope of a “docking” mechanism. Therefore it was rational decision due to the time limit and scope of the negotiations, to keep the process under the command of the Minister of Trade and Commerce. Seven negotiation groups were created in the following areas: market access, services and investment, government procurement, dispute settlement, intellectual properties right, agriculture and trade capacity building. These groups reported to the Secretary of Industry and Trade and the participation of SEREX negotiators was very limited. However, as in other instances, all negotiation groups were formed with technical experts of the GODR institutions that compose the CNNC. 159
Table 1 Distribution of the Main Trade Negotiators among DR Institutions and Skill Levels - DR-CAFTA negotiations Number of Negotiators Principal Ministry DR-CAFTA State Secretary of Industry and Trade (SEIC) 160 Others Ministry Level Of Skills Lead Negotiator Minister 1 Masters Degree Under Secretary- Team Leader 2 Masters Degree Legal Advisor 1 Masters Degree Market Access Team Leader 1 Masters Degree Technicians 5 Masters Degree Agriculture Team Leader 1 1 PHD Technicians 5 Masters Degree Services and Investments Team Leader 2 Masters Degree Technicians 2 Masters Degree Financial Services Team Leader 1 PHD Technicians 2 Masters Degree Government Procurement Team Leader 1 Masters Degree Technicians 1 1 Masters Degree Intellectual Property Rights Team Leader 1 Masters Degree Technicians 2 Masters Degree Legal and Institutional Issues Team Leader 1 Masters Degree Technicians 1 Masters Degree Labour Team Leader 1 Masters Degree Technicians 1 Masters Degree Environment Team Leader 1 PHD Technicians 1 Masters Degree Telecommunication Team Leader 1 Masters Degree Technicians 1 Masters Degree Source: Author’s own elaboration
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EPA Review Annex Documents by Insti
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Part Three: EPAs as Instruments for
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Part One: Literature Review 4
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countries demanded more precision a
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essential and fundamental of EPA (h
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EPA group. However, after phase II
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Disagreements also existed on other
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ules of origin as a basis for negot
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would not meet WTO provisions. Even
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is only just about to conclude an i
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The EC took almost nine months to a
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Caribbean The CARIFORUM EPA was the
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services, CARIFORUM countries commi
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2006. Moreover, PACP countries cons
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Table 3 Main Problems and Divergenc
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4. Final comments The EPA’s negot
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creation) but can also lead to impo
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preferences and hence are likely to
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3. Impact of the EPAs by Region One
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Cape Verde (loss of 4.1% of GDP) an
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SSA ECOWAS CEMAC COMESA EAC Table 2
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Perez (2005) CGE, 2001 base year 80
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Whilst most studies appear to agree
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7. Annex Literature Countries Metho
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Hinkle and Schiff (2004) "Economic
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Milner, Morressey and McKay (2008)
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Karingi et al (2005) “Assessment
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Greenaway and Milner (2003) "a grim
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Perez, R (2005) “ Are the Economi
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Case Studies Lessons 1. Introductio
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trade relation and negotiation matt
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EPAs negotiation process is paralle
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• EPA team The EPA negotiating te
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- State Secretariat of Environment
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Technical Negotiation Group (TNG) m
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spent for these impact assessment s
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Other opportunity costs Another imp
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Since domestic constituencies tend
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Table 11 Negotiating Meetings and R
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• An estimated $214,000 in travel
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The main expectation of the process
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Commission was forced to take up th
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Therefore, while negotiators could
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System Improvement & Human Resource
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Ethiopia - List of RNF meetings Amo
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Nigeria Cost of EPA negotiation-rel
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Dominican Republic Distribution of
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1. Overview of existing resources f
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The FTRD that was responsible for b
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The support of the NDTPF and the ex
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dedicated sessions during the year
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Mauritius, Seychelles, and Madagasc
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3. Quantification of costs of count
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Ethiopia took a clear stance from t
Page 109 and 110: 4. Perspectives on EPA negotiations
Page 111 and 112: 5. Qns: Had you had more resources,
Page 113 and 114: ) Basic knowledge on Cotonou Agreem
Page 115 and 116: Council of ESA Ministers Committee
Page 117 and 118: System Improvement & Human Resource
Page 119 and 120: List of RNF meetings 118 ANNEX VII
Page 121 and 122: EPA Review Study Nigeria December,
Page 123 and 124: contains the quantification of cost
Page 125 and 126: which appear to have crowded out ac
Page 127 and 128: Table 3 Resource Detail of Intra-Af
Page 129 and 130: Table 5 Capacity Building Programme
Page 131 and 132: Table 7 Cost of EPA Negotiation-Rel
Page 133 and 134: ADDRESSING THE LABOUR MARKET EFFECT
Page 135 and 136: Table 9 Annual Cost of Nigeria Trad
Page 137 and 138: Though the current negotiating stru
Page 139 and 140: • The simultaneous application of
Page 141 and 142: understand the changing environment
Page 143 and 144: 7. Summary of Findings and Main Les
Page 145 and 146: opportunity cost could be quite sub
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Page 149 and 150: 5. Appendices Appendix Table 1 Rang
Page 151 and 152: EPA Review Study Dominican Republic
Page 153 and 154: c. Technical Level At a regional le
Page 155 and 156: 2) From the ministers of trade of C
Page 157 and 158: The fact that the DR had previously
Page 159: - State Secretariat of Foreign Rela
Page 163 and 164: Figure 2 CARIFORUM Dimensions Diffe
Page 165 and 166: with the EU, in order to present a
Page 167 and 168: Table 4 Average Monthly Salaries EP
Page 169 and 170: In additional there were eight meet
Page 171 and 172: Per Diem Rate (US$) 500 A- Total of
Page 173 and 174: 5. Perspectives of EPA negotiations
Page 175 and 176: usiness and political levels repres
Page 177 and 178: expectation of increases in exports
Page 179 and 180: 8. Annexes Interviews Name Institut
Page 181 and 182: MAY o 05-06: WTO TWG on NAMA, Barba
Page 183 and 184: o 05-06: Joint Meeting of the Prime
Page 185 and 186: o 10-13: 12 th Meeting of CARIFORUM
Page 187 and 188: Trinidad & Tobago, 11-15 mayo 2007
Page 189 and 190: Reviewing services negotiations in
Page 191 and 192: Table 2 MMain differeences in serrv
Page 193 and 194: 3. Services coverage in the CARIFOR
Page 195 and 196: In this exercise, it is important t
Page 197 and 198: 196 ANNEX Provisions of the agreeme
Page 199 and 200: Tariff and Non-tariff barriers in E
Page 201 and 202: products could be extended until ye
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Page 205 and 206: than the rate applied on the proces
Page 207 and 208: RoO and the EPAs 1. Introduction Ru
Page 209 and 210: Table 1 Similarity of EAC countries
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that value added in ACP countries o
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The EU has yet to deliver a simple
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arrangements, are constrained by pr
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and non-oil exporting countries wit
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Common Market for Eastern and South
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to be seen. The Ethiopia case study
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fact that countries either export o
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development assistance in the EPA.
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References Bilal, S. and Stevens, C
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SPS Issues in EPA Negotiations 1. B
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The SPS committee provides an oppor
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of equivalence. Clearly, the Econom
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In the case of Ghana, where there i
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which relevant entities within thei
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Specific provisions While the final
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‘.....In addition, the Parties sh
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imparted to EPA signatories. In pra
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of the EC Party when these products
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So what have the EPA negotiations a
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Region/Country Year Total 2002 2003
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EAC CARIFORUM PACP Region/Country Y
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EAC CARIFORUM PACP Region/Country N
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EAS SADC EAC Country/Region Mycotox
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Country/Region West Africa CEMAC Co
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Development Finance and EPAs 1. Int
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evenues, one of the main sources of
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References Braun-Munzinger, C. ( 20
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