EPA Review Annex Documents - DFID

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Loss of preferences from Cotonou is relatively small such that the incentive to sign EPA is not high. • Initialling interim EPA by Ghana and Cote d’Ivoire affected Nigeria’s EPA strategy initially but Nigeria and other countries seem to have survived that shock of breaking the ranks of ECOWAS negotiations by the EC. The main lessons that emerge from the negotiation process are provided by the stakeholders’ perspectives. One, it has taught West Africa in general and Nigeria in particular to brace up to realities of tough trade negotiation. Two, the African continent, not only the constituent regions, should be prepared to embrace change in this era of globalisation and interdependence because soon, there will likely be an Africa-wide negotiation that would be more demanding. Thus, the African continent should work towards African regional integration. Three, ECOWAS countries have to get more serious in negotiations, making effective preparations towards negotiations; the need to have an adequate stock of trained manpower to negotiate, to do the required background studies for negotiations, to understand the negotiation process, and to mount appropriate and effective advocacy campaigns to carry citizens along, an element which is currently lacking, so that they can differentiate between genuine and false justification for taking a particular decision in the trade agreement. This justifies the requirement to enlighten people via regional workshops, sensitisation and so on. Finally, in negotiations, initial negotiation issues that seem cast in stone will be ultimately decided with each party making reasonable compromise. Thus, while initial apprehensions about the effect of EPA on infant industry, government revenue loss, potential import dependence on EU, replacement of domestic production, and neo-colonisation remain, stakeholders are beginning to soften their position once impact analysis are being done, protection of sensitive sectors is promised, and the issue of EPADP is still on the table for discussion. However, it is this particular that will determine when the EPA is finally concluded. 147
5. Appendices Appendix Table 1 Range of Monthly Salary Scale Range of Federal Workers (2007) Salary Range of Civil Servants (Naira per month) Grade Level Step 1 Step15 Average 01 11132 14531.67 12831.84 02 11312.83 15757.83 13535.33 03 11467.25 16930.75 14199 04 12011.92 18575.58 15293.75 05 13610.75 21236.08 17423.42 06 16595.42 25890.25 21242.84 07 27556.75 41821.58 34689.17 08 35610.17 52588.67 44099.42 09 41830 62044.83 51937.42 10 49103 71332.67 60217.84 Does not 11 Does not exist Does not exist exist 12 56639.09 81268.25 112 68953.67 13 63214.92 89253.25 76234.09 14 69821.25 97253.25 83537.25 15 96054 127814 113 111934 16 118823.6 156993.6 137908.6 17 145150.7 189273.3 167212 112 Last step is Step 11. 113 Last step is step 9 148
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EPA Review Annex Documents by Insti
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Part Three: EPAs as Instruments for
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Part One: Literature Review 4
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countries demanded more precision a
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essential and fundamental of EPA (h
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EPA group. However, after phase II
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Disagreements also existed on other
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ules of origin as a basis for negot
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would not meet WTO provisions. Even
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is only just about to conclude an i
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The EC took almost nine months to a
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Caribbean The CARIFORUM EPA was the
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services, CARIFORUM countries commi
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2006. Moreover, PACP countries cons
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Table 3 Main Problems and Divergenc
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4. Final comments The EPA’s negot
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creation) but can also lead to impo
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preferences and hence are likely to
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3. Impact of the EPAs by Region One
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Cape Verde (loss of 4.1% of GDP) an
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SSA ECOWAS CEMAC COMESA EAC Table 2
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Perez (2005) CGE, 2001 base year 80
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Whilst most studies appear to agree
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7. Annex Literature Countries Metho
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Hinkle and Schiff (2004) "Economic
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Milner, Morressey and McKay (2008)
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Karingi et al (2005) “Assessment
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Greenaway and Milner (2003) "a grim
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Perez, R (2005) “ Are the Economi
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Case Studies Lessons 1. Introductio
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trade relation and negotiation matt
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EPAs negotiation process is paralle
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• EPA team The EPA negotiating te
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- State Secretariat of Environment
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Technical Negotiation Group (TNG) m
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spent for these impact assessment s
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Other opportunity costs Another imp
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Since domestic constituencies tend
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Table 11 Negotiating Meetings and R
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• An estimated $214,000 in travel
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The main expectation of the process
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Commission was forced to take up th
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Therefore, while negotiators could
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System Improvement & Human Resource
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Ethiopia - List of RNF meetings Amo
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Nigeria Cost of EPA negotiation-rel
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Dominican Republic Distribution of
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1. Overview of existing resources f
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Page 103 and 104: Mauritius, Seychelles, and Madagasc
Page 105 and 106: 3. Quantification of costs of count
Page 107 and 108: Ethiopia took a clear stance from t
Page 109 and 110: 4. Perspectives on EPA negotiations
Page 111 and 112: 5. Qns: Had you had more resources,
Page 113 and 114: ) Basic knowledge on Cotonou Agreem
Page 115 and 116: Council of ESA Ministers Committee
Page 117 and 118: System Improvement & Human Resource
Page 119 and 120: List of RNF meetings 118 ANNEX VII
Page 121 and 122: EPA Review Study Nigeria December,
Page 123 and 124: contains the quantification of cost
Page 125 and 126: which appear to have crowded out ac
Page 127 and 128: Table 3 Resource Detail of Intra-Af
Page 129 and 130: Table 5 Capacity Building Programme
Page 131 and 132: Table 7 Cost of EPA Negotiation-Rel
Page 133 and 134: ADDRESSING THE LABOUR MARKET EFFECT
Page 135 and 136: Table 9 Annual Cost of Nigeria Trad
Page 137 and 138: Though the current negotiating stru
Page 139 and 140: • The simultaneous application of
Page 141 and 142: understand the changing environment
Page 143 and 144: 7. Summary of Findings and Main Les
Page 145 and 146: opportunity cost could be quite sub
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Page 151 and 152: EPA Review Study Dominican Republic
Page 153 and 154: c. Technical Level At a regional le
Page 155 and 156: 2) From the ministers of trade of C
Page 157 and 158: The fact that the DR had previously
Page 159 and 160: - State Secretariat of Foreign Rela
Page 161 and 162: Table 1 Distribution of the Main Tr
Page 163 and 164: Figure 2 CARIFORUM Dimensions Diffe
Page 165 and 166: with the EU, in order to present a
Page 167 and 168: Table 4 Average Monthly Salaries EP
Page 169 and 170: In additional there were eight meet
Page 171 and 172: Per Diem Rate (US$) 500 A- Total of
Page 173 and 174: 5. Perspectives of EPA negotiations
Page 175 and 176: usiness and political levels repres
Page 177 and 178: expectation of increases in exports
Page 179 and 180: 8. Annexes Interviews Name Institut
Page 181 and 182: MAY o 05-06: WTO TWG on NAMA, Barba
Page 183 and 184: o 05-06: Joint Meeting of the Prime
Page 185 and 186: o 10-13: 12 th Meeting of CARIFORUM
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Page 189 and 190: Reviewing services negotiations in
Page 191 and 192: Table 2 MMain differeences in serrv
Page 193 and 194: 3. Services coverage in the CARIFOR
Page 195 and 196: In this exercise, it is important t
Page 197 and 198: 196 ANNEX Provisions of the agreeme
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Tariff and Non-tariff barriers in E
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products could be extended until ye
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extended to the original partner. F
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than the rate applied on the proces
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RoO and the EPAs 1. Introduction Ru
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Table 1 Similarity of EAC countries
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that value added in ACP countries o
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The EU has yet to deliver a simple
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arrangements, are constrained by pr
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and non-oil exporting countries wit
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Common Market for Eastern and South
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to be seen. The Ethiopia case study
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fact that countries either export o
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development assistance in the EPA.
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References Bilal, S. and Stevens, C
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SPS Issues in EPA Negotiations 1. B
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The SPS committee provides an oppor
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of equivalence. Clearly, the Econom
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In the case of Ghana, where there i
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which relevant entities within thei
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Specific provisions While the final
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‘.....In addition, the Parties sh
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imparted to EPA signatories. In pra
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of the EC Party when these products
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So what have the EPA negotiations a
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Region/Country Year Total 2002 2003
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EAC CARIFORUM PACP Region/Country Y
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EAC CARIFORUM PACP Region/Country N
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EAS SADC EAC Country/Region Mycotox
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Country/Region West Africa CEMAC Co
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Development Finance and EPAs 1. Int
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evenues, one of the main sources of
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References Braun-Munzinger, C. ( 20
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