EPA Review Annex Documents - DFID

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Other opportunity costs Again it is difficult to identify whether there have been high opportunity costs for Nigerian negotiators to be involved in the EPAs. However, given lack of engagement and small number of staff allocated to EPAs, suggest low opportunity costs from engaging on EPAs. Dominican Republic Estimated total costs Some 15 rounds of negotiations (TNG) took place. Also a number of meetings came about at the Ministerial level, between CARIFORUM and the EU. The location of 15 rounds was alternated between Brussels and different Caribbean countries including the Dominican Republic. Each negotiation round (TNG) lasted around one week, and the preparations (TWG) about three additional days. In addition, within the Dominican Republic a lot of effort was devoted to the preparations of agenda items and to understanding of implications as well as the different views coming from the different CARIFORUM countries. In order to estimate the costs incurred during the last two years of the EPA negations the following assumptions were used: • For every negotiating meeting (both TWG and TNG), we estimated 5 days of internal preparation in the Dominican Republic. • Travel days are computed in the daily rates, they are assumed as one day for travel for every meeting. • In order to reconstruct the numbers of meeting, the CRNM Calendar was used • The number of official participants by the D.R. was calculated by using actual accreditation forms, as well as by estimates followed by the responses at the interviews. • Per diems and accommodation For simplicity, two types of negotiators are differentiated; type A, with a daily rate of $170, vice ministers and ministers, and per diem $500, and type B, grouping senior official and officials, with a daily rate of $90, and per diem $350. For per diem during the travel days are calculated at 50%. • Air travel For travel expenses (airfare), between the D.R. and the Caribbean, the rate of US$700 for type B was estimated and for travels between D.R. and Brussels, US$1,100, for type B, in the Caribbean US$1,000 and between D.R.-Brussels US$1,400. EPA, due to its many aspects of special and differential treatment (SDT) and capacity building as part of the Doha Development Agenda support. 75
Table 11 Negotiating Meetings and Regional Coordination 2006 and 2007 2006 2007 Total Technical Working Group -TWG No. of Meetings 12 16 28 Total Working Days 28 31 59 Negotiators 37 44 81 Technical Negotiating Group -TNG No. of Meetings 8 11 19 Total Working Days 28 37 65 Negotiators 41 77 118 PRINCIPAL NEGOTIATORS 3 5 8 Negotiator -Level B 12 15 27 Principals - Level A 4 9 13 MINISTERIAL CARIFORUM-EU 2 2 4 Negotiator -Level B 4 4 8 Principals - Level A 2 3 5 MINISTERIAL CARIFORUM 2 4 6 Negotiator -Level B 4 9 13 Principals - Level A 2 6 8 HEAD OF STATES 0 2 2 Negotiator -Level B 0 6 6 Principals - Level A 0 4 4 Source : Author’s own calculations 76
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EPA Review Annex Documents by Insti
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Part Three: EPAs as Instruments for
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Part One: Literature Review 4
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countries demanded more precision a
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essential and fundamental of EPA (h
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EPA group. However, after phase II
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Disagreements also existed on other
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ules of origin as a basis for negot
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would not meet WTO provisions. Even
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is only just about to conclude an i
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The EC took almost nine months to a
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Caribbean The CARIFORUM EPA was the
Page 25 and 26: services, CARIFORUM countries commi
Page 27 and 28: 2006. Moreover, PACP countries cons
Page 29 and 30: Table 3 Main Problems and Divergenc
Page 31 and 32: 4. Final comments The EPA’s negot
Page 33 and 34: creation) but can also lead to impo
Page 35 and 36: preferences and hence are likely to
Page 37 and 38: 3. Impact of the EPAs by Region One
Page 39 and 40: Cape Verde (loss of 4.1% of GDP) an
Page 41 and 42: SSA ECOWAS CEMAC COMESA EAC Table 2
Page 43 and 44: Perez (2005) CGE, 2001 base year 80
Page 45 and 46: Whilst most studies appear to agree
Page 47 and 48: 7. Annex Literature Countries Metho
Page 49 and 50: Hinkle and Schiff (2004) "Economic
Page 51 and 52: Milner, Morressey and McKay (2008)
Page 53 and 54: Karingi et al (2005) “Assessment
Page 55 and 56: Greenaway and Milner (2003) "a grim
Page 57 and 58: Perez, R (2005) “ Are the Economi
Page 59 and 60: Case Studies Lessons 1. Introductio
Page 61 and 62: trade relation and negotiation matt
Page 63 and 64: EPAs negotiation process is paralle
Page 65 and 66: • EPA team The EPA negotiating te
Page 67 and 68: - State Secretariat of Environment
Page 69 and 70: Technical Negotiation Group (TNG) m
Page 71 and 72: spent for these impact assessment s
Page 73 and 74: Other opportunity costs Another imp
Page 75: Since domestic constituencies tend
Page 79 and 80: • An estimated $214,000 in travel
Page 81 and 82: The main expectation of the process
Page 83 and 84: Commission was forced to take up th
Page 85 and 86: Therefore, while negotiators could
Page 87 and 88: System Improvement & Human Resource
Page 89 and 90: Ethiopia - List of RNF meetings Amo
Page 91 and 92: Nigeria Cost of EPA negotiation-rel
Page 93 and 94: Dominican Republic Distribution of
Page 95 and 96: 1. Overview of existing resources f
Page 97 and 98: The FTRD that was responsible for b
Page 99 and 100: The support of the NDTPF and the ex
Page 101 and 102: dedicated sessions during the year
Page 103 and 104: Mauritius, Seychelles, and Madagasc
Page 105 and 106: 3. Quantification of costs of count
Page 107 and 108: Ethiopia took a clear stance from t
Page 109 and 110: 4. Perspectives on EPA negotiations
Page 111 and 112: 5. Qns: Had you had more resources,
Page 113 and 114: ) Basic knowledge on Cotonou Agreem
Page 115 and 116: Council of ESA Ministers Committee
Page 117 and 118: System Improvement & Human Resource
Page 119 and 120: List of RNF meetings 118 ANNEX VII
Page 121 and 122: EPA Review Study Nigeria December,
Page 123 and 124: contains the quantification of cost
Page 125 and 126: which appear to have crowded out ac
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Table 3 Resource Detail of Intra-Af
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Table 5 Capacity Building Programme
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Table 7 Cost of EPA Negotiation-Rel
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ADDRESSING THE LABOUR MARKET EFFECT
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Table 9 Annual Cost of Nigeria Trad
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Though the current negotiating stru
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• The simultaneous application of
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understand the changing environment
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7. Summary of Findings and Main Les
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opportunity cost could be quite sub
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• There is adequate technical adv
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5. Appendices Appendix Table 1 Rang
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EPA Review Study Dominican Republic
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c. Technical Level At a regional le
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2) From the ministers of trade of C
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The fact that the DR had previously
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- State Secretariat of Foreign Rela
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Table 1 Distribution of the Main Tr
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Figure 2 CARIFORUM Dimensions Diffe
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with the EU, in order to present a
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Table 4 Average Monthly Salaries EP
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In additional there were eight meet
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Per Diem Rate (US$) 500 A- Total of
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5. Perspectives of EPA negotiations
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usiness and political levels repres
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expectation of increases in exports
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8. Annexes Interviews Name Institut
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MAY o 05-06: WTO TWG on NAMA, Barba
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o 05-06: Joint Meeting of the Prime
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o 10-13: 12 th Meeting of CARIFORUM
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Trinidad & Tobago, 11-15 mayo 2007
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Reviewing services negotiations in
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Table 2 MMain differeences in serrv
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3. Services coverage in the CARIFOR
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In this exercise, it is important t
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196 ANNEX Provisions of the agreeme
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Tariff and Non-tariff barriers in E
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products could be extended until ye
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extended to the original partner. F
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than the rate applied on the proces
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RoO and the EPAs 1. Introduction Ru
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Table 1 Similarity of EAC countries
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that value added in ACP countries o
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The EU has yet to deliver a simple
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arrangements, are constrained by pr
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and non-oil exporting countries wit
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Common Market for Eastern and South
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to be seen. The Ethiopia case study
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fact that countries either export o
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development assistance in the EPA.
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References Bilal, S. and Stevens, C
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SPS Issues in EPA Negotiations 1. B
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The SPS committee provides an oppor
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of equivalence. Clearly, the Econom
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In the case of Ghana, where there i
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which relevant entities within thei
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Specific provisions While the final
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‘.....In addition, the Parties sh
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imparted to EPA signatories. In pra
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of the EC Party when these products
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So what have the EPA negotiations a
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Region/Country Year Total 2002 2003
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EAC CARIFORUM PACP Region/Country Y
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EAC CARIFORUM PACP Region/Country N
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EAS SADC EAC Country/Region Mycotox
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Country/Region West Africa CEMAC Co
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Development Finance and EPAs 1. Int
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evenues, one of the main sources of
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References Braun-Munzinger, C. ( 20
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