EPA Review Annex Documents - DFID

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Technicians 2 Masters Degree Trade Related Issues Team Leader 1 PHD Technicians 4 Masters Degree Legal and Institutional Issues Team Leader 1 Masters Degree Technicians 1 4 Masters Degree Source : Author’s own calculations • Earnings The following table shows the levels of earnings Table 6 Average salaries Average Staff Number Salary Range US$(monthly) Level of Skills Minister 2 5000-8000 Masters Degree Team Leaders 7 4000-5000 Masters Degree Technicians 17 2000-3500 Masters Degree Source : Author’s own estimations from SEREX data EPA negotiations During the EPA negotiation an average of 14 negotiators for different GODR agencies established the Dominican Republic negotiation team for CARIFORUM-EU negotiations. Internal consulting groups were created in the following areas: market access, services and investment, trade related issues and legal issues. They consulted with civil society (primarily the business sector) on constant bases. The Dominican negotiating team was structured as follows: 1. Lead Negotiator 2. Market Access of Goods 3. Services and Investments 4. Trade Related Issues 5. Legal and Institutional Issues Each group contained a Lead Negotiator and about three technicians to work on each specific area. The Lead Negotiator of the Dominican Republic would report directly to the National Commission of Trade Negotiators (CNNC). The D.R. did not have any experience in articulating a “regional” position, as required by the EU, both at the beginning of the negotiations, but most importantly during the course of elaborating a “single regional” market access offer in goods. Due to the lack of infrastructure at the beginning of the process to coordinate trade negotiations between CARICOM countries and the D.R., there was a steep learning curve. In this part of the process the CRNM played an important role to reduce the frictions that this new process generated to both parties, CARICOM and the D.R. 67
Technical Negotiation Group (TNG) meetings were open for the participation of the private sector (civil society) which was accredited as part of the official delegation. Although it was an open process, in these negotiations there was no direct participation of NGOs or Trade Unions in the negotiating rounds. Traditionally, these civil society stakeholders do not participate actively in trade negotiations. Financial resources The CRNM usually covered the cost of one country representative for each TWG. This included both travelling expenses and per-diems. However, the remaining costs were financed by the D.R. ministries budget. Summary of negotiating resources The D.R. negotiating structure clearly reflects existing expertise from previous negotiating experiences. At the same time allocation of human and financial resources clearly reflect political will for signing trade agreements. Previous experience, especially CAFTA-US implied better understanding of negotiation processes and a better structure to prepare negotiating positions. The main challenge of agreeing a common regional position with CARICOM was mitigated with the help of the CRNM and the fact that the D.R position was less defensive than its regional neighbours. Regarding human resources, one can clearly see better qualified and paid staff, as corresponds to levels similar to a middle income country, and with numbers of staff larger than most other more populated ACP countries. 3. The costs of EPAs Ethiopia Cost of Trainings and workshops The direct cost related to the EPA process includes training and workshops that were organised for the NDTPF members and other stakeholders. These training workshops were mainly focused on the dissemination and sensitisation of information on the Cotonou Agreement, the concept of the EPA and its compatibility with the WTO agreement specifically with Article-XXIV of GATT and Article-V of GATS. The main participants in these training workshops were NDTPF members, stakeholders from the government, private sector and NSAs. Funding of the above training workshops came from a number of sources, among them, the COMESA Secretariat which has contributed a total of €10,000, OXFAM-GB contributed Ethiopian Birr 43,000 and Friedrich Ebert Stiftung provided Ethiopian Birr 9,800. Moreover, the Project Management Unit (PMU) of the ACP Secretariat has financed two impact Assessment Studies in relation to the EPA negotiation. Cost of Regional and other Meetings The costs of regional meetings related to RNF meetings and Dedicated Session negotiations, was covered by the Inter Regional Coordinating Committee (IRCC). Before 68
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EPA Review Annex Documents by Insti
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Part Three: EPAs as Instruments for
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Part One: Literature Review 4
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countries demanded more precision a
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essential and fundamental of EPA (h
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EPA group. However, after phase II
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Disagreements also existed on other
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ules of origin as a basis for negot
Page 17 and 18: would not meet WTO provisions. Even
Page 19 and 20: is only just about to conclude an i
Page 21 and 22: The EC took almost nine months to a
Page 23 and 24: Caribbean The CARIFORUM EPA was the
Page 25 and 26: services, CARIFORUM countries commi
Page 27 and 28: 2006. Moreover, PACP countries cons
Page 29 and 30: Table 3 Main Problems and Divergenc
Page 31 and 32: 4. Final comments The EPA’s negot
Page 33 and 34: creation) but can also lead to impo
Page 35 and 36: preferences and hence are likely to
Page 37 and 38: 3. Impact of the EPAs by Region One
Page 39 and 40: Cape Verde (loss of 4.1% of GDP) an
Page 41 and 42: SSA ECOWAS CEMAC COMESA EAC Table 2
Page 43 and 44: Perez (2005) CGE, 2001 base year 80
Page 45 and 46: Whilst most studies appear to agree
Page 47 and 48: 7. Annex Literature Countries Metho
Page 49 and 50: Hinkle and Schiff (2004) "Economic
Page 51 and 52: Milner, Morressey and McKay (2008)
Page 53 and 54: Karingi et al (2005) “Assessment
Page 55 and 56: Greenaway and Milner (2003) "a grim
Page 57 and 58: Perez, R (2005) “ Are the Economi
Page 59 and 60: Case Studies Lessons 1. Introductio
Page 61 and 62: trade relation and negotiation matt
Page 63 and 64: EPAs negotiation process is paralle
Page 65 and 66: • EPA team The EPA negotiating te
Page 67: - State Secretariat of Environment
Page 71 and 72: spent for these impact assessment s
Page 73 and 74: Other opportunity costs Another imp
Page 75 and 76: Since domestic constituencies tend
Page 77 and 78: Table 11 Negotiating Meetings and R
Page 79 and 80: • An estimated $214,000 in travel
Page 81 and 82: The main expectation of the process
Page 83 and 84: Commission was forced to take up th
Page 85 and 86: Therefore, while negotiators could
Page 87 and 88: System Improvement & Human Resource
Page 89 and 90: Ethiopia - List of RNF meetings Amo
Page 91 and 92: Nigeria Cost of EPA negotiation-rel
Page 93 and 94: Dominican Republic Distribution of
Page 95 and 96: 1. Overview of existing resources f
Page 97 and 98: The FTRD that was responsible for b
Page 99 and 100: The support of the NDTPF and the ex
Page 101 and 102: dedicated sessions during the year
Page 103 and 104: Mauritius, Seychelles, and Madagasc
Page 105 and 106: 3. Quantification of costs of count
Page 107 and 108: Ethiopia took a clear stance from t
Page 109 and 110: 4. Perspectives on EPA negotiations
Page 111 and 112: 5. Qns: Had you had more resources,
Page 113 and 114: ) Basic knowledge on Cotonou Agreem
Page 115 and 116: Council of ESA Ministers Committee
Page 117 and 118: System Improvement & Human Resource
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List of RNF meetings 118 ANNEX VII
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EPA Review Study Nigeria December,
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contains the quantification of cost
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which appear to have crowded out ac
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Table 3 Resource Detail of Intra-Af
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Table 5 Capacity Building Programme
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Table 7 Cost of EPA Negotiation-Rel
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ADDRESSING THE LABOUR MARKET EFFECT
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Table 9 Annual Cost of Nigeria Trad
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Though the current negotiating stru
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• The simultaneous application of
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understand the changing environment
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7. Summary of Findings and Main Les
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opportunity cost could be quite sub
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• There is adequate technical adv
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5. Appendices Appendix Table 1 Rang
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EPA Review Study Dominican Republic
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c. Technical Level At a regional le
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2) From the ministers of trade of C
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The fact that the DR had previously
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- State Secretariat of Foreign Rela
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Table 1 Distribution of the Main Tr
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Figure 2 CARIFORUM Dimensions Diffe
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with the EU, in order to present a
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Table 4 Average Monthly Salaries EP
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In additional there were eight meet
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Per Diem Rate (US$) 500 A- Total of
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5. Perspectives of EPA negotiations
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usiness and political levels repres
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expectation of increases in exports
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8. Annexes Interviews Name Institut
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MAY o 05-06: WTO TWG on NAMA, Barba
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o 05-06: Joint Meeting of the Prime
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o 10-13: 12 th Meeting of CARIFORUM
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Trinidad & Tobago, 11-15 mayo 2007
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Reviewing services negotiations in
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Table 2 MMain differeences in serrv
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3. Services coverage in the CARIFOR
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In this exercise, it is important t
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196 ANNEX Provisions of the agreeme
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Tariff and Non-tariff barriers in E
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products could be extended until ye
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extended to the original partner. F
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than the rate applied on the proces
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RoO and the EPAs 1. Introduction Ru
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Table 1 Similarity of EAC countries
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that value added in ACP countries o
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The EU has yet to deliver a simple
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arrangements, are constrained by pr
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and non-oil exporting countries wit
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Common Market for Eastern and South
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to be seen. The Ethiopia case study
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fact that countries either export o
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development assistance in the EPA.
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References Bilal, S. and Stevens, C
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SPS Issues in EPA Negotiations 1. B
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The SPS committee provides an oppor
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of equivalence. Clearly, the Econom
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In the case of Ghana, where there i
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which relevant entities within thei
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Specific provisions While the final
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‘.....In addition, the Parties sh
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imparted to EPA signatories. In pra
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of the EC Party when these products
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So what have the EPA negotiations a
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Region/Country Year Total 2002 2003
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EAC CARIFORUM PACP Region/Country Y
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EAC CARIFORUM PACP Region/Country N
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EAS SADC EAC Country/Region Mycotox
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Country/Region West Africa CEMAC Co
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Development Finance and EPAs 1. Int
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evenues, one of the main sources of
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References Braun-Munzinger, C. ( 20
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