EPA Review Annex Documents - DFID

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egional integration may not be the best option for African regional integration given the lack of trade, lack of capacities in production as well as human resources and institutions etc. Second, the liberalisation of intra-Africa trade has to be African driven as the incentives that the EU can offer in terms of market access are limited even under the comprehensive EPA with much more simple and liberal rules of origins. To advance regional integration is very much dependent upon the willingness of African governments to take actions on difficult longstanding policy and institution barriers. African countries need to adopt open global and regional trade policies rapidly and accelerate its integration with the rest of the world. Third, the development impact of the EPA would depend partly on avoiding excessive discrimination favouring EU goods and services, and to the extent they support open and competitive markets. South-South trade has been expanding rapidly - substantial increase in demand for natural resources from rapidly growing developing countries; increasing demand for new markets particularly for exports of manufactured goods. Asia plays a dominant role in the directions of trade flows in South-South trade. Asia-Africa trade has been expanding rapidly as well. This should be encouraged not deterred by EU-Africa EPA. Fourth, like the CARIFORUM EPA, Regional preference clause which guarantees tariff and concessions to other African regions/countries the same as granted to the EU in the EPA should be included in Africa EPAs. Such clause would encourage intra-Africa trade. 225
References Bilal, S. and Stevens, C. (eds) (2009) The Interim Economic Partnership Agreements between the EU and African States: Contents, challenges and prospects, ECDPM Policy Management Report 17, with ODI, Maastricht: European Centre for Development Policy Management. Also available on www.ecdpm.org/pmr17. Chauvin, S. and Gaulier, G. (2002) Regional Trade Integration in Southern Africa, Working Papers 2002-12, CEPII Research Center. Edwards, L and Lawrence, R. (2006) South African Trade Policy Matters: Trade Performance and Trade Policy, NBER Working Papers 12760, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. Khandelwal, P. (2004) COMESA and SADC: prospects and challenges for regional trade integration, IMF working paper 04/227, Policy Development and Review Department, International Monetary Fund. Yang, Y. and Gupta, S. (2005) Regional trade arrangements in Africa: Past Performance and the Way Forward, IMF Working Papers 05/36, International Monetary Fund. 226
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EPA Review Annex Documents by Insti
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Part Three: EPAs as Instruments for
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Part One: Literature Review 4
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countries demanded more precision a
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essential and fundamental of EPA (h
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EPA group. However, after phase II
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Disagreements also existed on other
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ules of origin as a basis for negot
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would not meet WTO provisions. Even
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is only just about to conclude an i
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The EC took almost nine months to a
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Caribbean The CARIFORUM EPA was the
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services, CARIFORUM countries commi
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2006. Moreover, PACP countries cons
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Table 3 Main Problems and Divergenc
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4. Final comments The EPA’s negot
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creation) but can also lead to impo
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preferences and hence are likely to
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3. Impact of the EPAs by Region One
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Cape Verde (loss of 4.1% of GDP) an
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SSA ECOWAS CEMAC COMESA EAC Table 2
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Perez (2005) CGE, 2001 base year 80
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Whilst most studies appear to agree
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7. Annex Literature Countries Metho
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Hinkle and Schiff (2004) "Economic
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Milner, Morressey and McKay (2008)
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Karingi et al (2005) “Assessment
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Greenaway and Milner (2003) "a grim
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Perez, R (2005) “ Are the Economi
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Case Studies Lessons 1. Introductio
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trade relation and negotiation matt
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EPAs negotiation process is paralle
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• EPA team The EPA negotiating te
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- State Secretariat of Environment
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Technical Negotiation Group (TNG) m
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spent for these impact assessment s
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Other opportunity costs Another imp
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Since domestic constituencies tend
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Table 11 Negotiating Meetings and R
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• An estimated $214,000 in travel
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The main expectation of the process
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Commission was forced to take up th
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Therefore, while negotiators could
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System Improvement & Human Resource
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Ethiopia - List of RNF meetings Amo
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Nigeria Cost of EPA negotiation-rel
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Dominican Republic Distribution of
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1. Overview of existing resources f
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The FTRD that was responsible for b
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The support of the NDTPF and the ex
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dedicated sessions during the year
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Mauritius, Seychelles, and Madagasc
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3. Quantification of costs of count
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Ethiopia took a clear stance from t
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4. Perspectives on EPA negotiations
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5. Qns: Had you had more resources,
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) Basic knowledge on Cotonou Agreem
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Council of ESA Ministers Committee
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System Improvement & Human Resource
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List of RNF meetings 118 ANNEX VII
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EPA Review Study Nigeria December,
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contains the quantification of cost
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which appear to have crowded out ac
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Table 3 Resource Detail of Intra-Af
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Table 5 Capacity Building Programme
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Table 7 Cost of EPA Negotiation-Rel
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ADDRESSING THE LABOUR MARKET EFFECT
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Table 9 Annual Cost of Nigeria Trad
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Though the current negotiating stru
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• The simultaneous application of
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understand the changing environment
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7. Summary of Findings and Main Les
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opportunity cost could be quite sub
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• There is adequate technical adv
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5. Appendices Appendix Table 1 Rang
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EPA Review Study Dominican Republic
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c. Technical Level At a regional le
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2) From the ministers of trade of C
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The fact that the DR had previously
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- State Secretariat of Foreign Rela
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Table 1 Distribution of the Main Tr
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Figure 2 CARIFORUM Dimensions Diffe
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with the EU, in order to present a
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Table 4 Average Monthly Salaries EP
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In additional there were eight meet
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Per Diem Rate (US$) 500 A- Total of
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5. Perspectives of EPA negotiations
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Page 179 and 180: 8. Annexes Interviews Name Institut
Page 181 and 182: MAY o 05-06: WTO TWG on NAMA, Barba
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Page 191 and 192: Table 2 MMain differeences in serrv
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Page 197 and 198: 196 ANNEX Provisions of the agreeme
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Page 209 and 210: Table 1 Similarity of EAC countries
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Page 225: development assistance in the EPA.
Page 229 and 230: SPS Issues in EPA Negotiations 1. B
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Page 247 and 248: So what have the EPA negotiations a
Page 249 and 250: Region/Country Year Total 2002 2003
Page 251 and 252: EAC CARIFORUM PACP Region/Country Y
Page 253 and 254: EAC CARIFORUM PACP Region/Country N
Page 255 and 256: EAS SADC EAC Country/Region Mycotox
Page 257 and 258: Country/Region West Africa CEMAC Co
Page 259 and 260: Development Finance and EPAs 1. Int
Page 261 and 262: evenues, one of the main sources of
Page 263: References Braun-Munzinger, C. ( 20
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