EPA Review Annex Documents - DFID

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Table 8 GSPP Option - Implications to the Export Sector of the Countries Country Antigua, Barbados Bahamas Barbados Belize Dominica Dominican Republic. Grenada Guyana Jamaica St Lucia St Vincent St.Ch.&Nevis Surinam Trinidad,Tob Source: Eurostat 2005 % trade not free by GSP 3% 4% 29% 69% 45% not free by GSP in 1000 euro 175 total trade in 1000 euro 3,062 121,246 40,598 1,026,609 25,431 87,679 78,715 113,939 9,560 21,177 42% 198,480 472,028 11% 73% 52% 33% 4% 75% 1,210 11,363 123,035 169,526 387,374 19,245 10,850 5,875 46% 89,003 17% 80,686 28% 751,461 57,993 262,820 7,840 192,469 474,434 1,073,125 3,770,584 anchovies crawfish sugar, rum bananas, sugar, shrimps, oranges, juices bananas, cocoa butter, vegetables bananas, cigars, rum, textiles, footwear, cocoa butter, vegetables fish sugar, rice, rum, palm hearts, shrimps, plywood aluminium oxide, sugar, rum, bananas bananas, vegetables bananas c. Public Perception of the EPA negotiations sugar, footwear, textiles aluminium oxide, bananas, shrimps, rice, fish methanol, ammonia, sugar, urea Despite having the scope of political and business support for the EPA the DR did not enjoy the same level of publicity and awareness as other agreements, for example the FTA with Central America and the DR-CAFTA with the United States. The EPA, overall, did not experience much criticism. One critic has come from the dairy industry, which has publicly stated that it was expecting a 20-year phase out for milk, and it got 15 years instead. So far, the two biggest winners have been the banana and rum exporters which have seen their exports increase significantly. There is the
expectation of increases in exports for tropical agricultural products (vegetables and fruits), apparel and footwear. 7. Lessons learned The EPA negotiations were atypical in many respects when compared to previous FTA negotiations conducted by the DR. Its regional scope and requirements to coordinate among 15 different CARIFORUM countries was a major hurdle to overcome, logistically as well as culturally. However the DR tolerance to making the commitment in market openings, in areas such as goods, services, investments, government procurement and intellectual property tended to be higher than the CARIFORUM regional position. This allowed for less friction at the time of incorporating a regional position for a country that did not have a tradition of engaging FTA’s in a regional level. From this stance, the institutional changes made by the DR in previous years, due to its market opening commitments in other FTA’s allowed for more flexible positions when coordinating a regional CARIFORUM position. This contrasted with other CARIFORUM countries which had reservations in many sensitive areas, such as revenue erosion (through import taxes), government procurement commitments, as well as opening its services sector. With the EPA the creation of a single market access offer in goods was the major challenge. In this area the DR had the most concerns due to its diverse production in agricultural goods was well as manufacturing. At the end, in most cases, the sensitivities of the productive sectors were accommodated due to the initial parameters and modalities agreed at the beginning of the negotiations. 127 The negotiations of the EPA also targeted the area of regional integration. In many aspects this allowed the DR to better understand the CARIFORUM countries, its institutions and key players, increasing the capacity to better engage the region in future. The EPA also assisted in the logistic process and operative organisation of the private sector and its engagement with public officials at the local level. The participation in the actual rounds helped increase the interaction with the official negotiator and to better understand the commitments in the agreement, inclusive prior the formal signature. In addition, the EPA process assisted in increasing the interaction among the DR and other CARICOM private sector officials. As a successful example of this arrangement of the agreement to the region, the principal chamber of industry of the DR – Asociación de Industrias de la República Dominicana – was awarded EU funds through PROINVEST, to strengthen the institutional aspects of the association and regional integration. These funds were awarded in conjunction with CAIC – the Caribbean Association of Industry. This is the first joint project among these two important business associations of CARIFORUM. 127 Long phase out periods, and the possibility to exclude sensitive products, as long as it this flexibility was compatible with article XXIV of GATT. 176
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EPA Review Annex Documents by Insti
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Part Three: EPAs as Instruments for
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Part One: Literature Review 4
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countries demanded more precision a
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essential and fundamental of EPA (h
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EPA group. However, after phase II
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Disagreements also existed on other
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ules of origin as a basis for negot
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would not meet WTO provisions. Even
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is only just about to conclude an i
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The EC took almost nine months to a
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Caribbean The CARIFORUM EPA was the
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services, CARIFORUM countries commi
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2006. Moreover, PACP countries cons
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Table 3 Main Problems and Divergenc
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4. Final comments The EPA’s negot
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creation) but can also lead to impo
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preferences and hence are likely to
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3. Impact of the EPAs by Region One
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Cape Verde (loss of 4.1% of GDP) an
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SSA ECOWAS CEMAC COMESA EAC Table 2
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Perez (2005) CGE, 2001 base year 80
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Whilst most studies appear to agree
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7. Annex Literature Countries Metho
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Hinkle and Schiff (2004) "Economic
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Milner, Morressey and McKay (2008)
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Karingi et al (2005) “Assessment
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Greenaway and Milner (2003) "a grim
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Perez, R (2005) “ Are the Economi
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Case Studies Lessons 1. Introductio
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trade relation and negotiation matt
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EPAs negotiation process is paralle
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• EPA team The EPA negotiating te
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- State Secretariat of Environment
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Technical Negotiation Group (TNG) m
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spent for these impact assessment s
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Other opportunity costs Another imp
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Since domestic constituencies tend
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Table 11 Negotiating Meetings and R
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• An estimated $214,000 in travel
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The main expectation of the process
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Commission was forced to take up th
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Therefore, while negotiators could
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System Improvement & Human Resource
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Ethiopia - List of RNF meetings Amo
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Nigeria Cost of EPA negotiation-rel
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Dominican Republic Distribution of
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1. Overview of existing resources f
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The FTRD that was responsible for b
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The support of the NDTPF and the ex
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dedicated sessions during the year
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Mauritius, Seychelles, and Madagasc
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3. Quantification of costs of count
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Ethiopia took a clear stance from t
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4. Perspectives on EPA negotiations
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5. Qns: Had you had more resources,
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) Basic knowledge on Cotonou Agreem
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Council of ESA Ministers Committee
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System Improvement & Human Resource
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List of RNF meetings 118 ANNEX VII
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EPA Review Study Nigeria December,
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contains the quantification of cost
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Page 127 and 128: Table 3 Resource Detail of Intra-Af
Page 129 and 130: Table 5 Capacity Building Programme
Page 131 and 132: Table 7 Cost of EPA Negotiation-Rel
Page 133 and 134: ADDRESSING THE LABOUR MARKET EFFECT
Page 135 and 136: Table 9 Annual Cost of Nigeria Trad
Page 137 and 138: Though the current negotiating stru
Page 139 and 140: • The simultaneous application of
Page 141 and 142: understand the changing environment
Page 143 and 144: 7. Summary of Findings and Main Les
Page 145 and 146: opportunity cost could be quite sub
Page 147 and 148: • There is adequate technical adv
Page 149 and 150: 5. Appendices Appendix Table 1 Rang
Page 151 and 152: EPA Review Study Dominican Republic
Page 153 and 154: c. Technical Level At a regional le
Page 155 and 156: 2) From the ministers of trade of C
Page 157 and 158: The fact that the DR had previously
Page 159 and 160: - State Secretariat of Foreign Rela
Page 161 and 162: Table 1 Distribution of the Main Tr
Page 163 and 164: Figure 2 CARIFORUM Dimensions Diffe
Page 165 and 166: with the EU, in order to present a
Page 167 and 168: Table 4 Average Monthly Salaries EP
Page 169 and 170: In additional there were eight meet
Page 171 and 172: Per Diem Rate (US$) 500 A- Total of
Page 173 and 174: 5. Perspectives of EPA negotiations
Page 175: usiness and political levels repres
Page 179 and 180: 8. Annexes Interviews Name Institut
Page 181 and 182: MAY o 05-06: WTO TWG on NAMA, Barba
Page 183 and 184: o 05-06: Joint Meeting of the Prime
Page 185 and 186: o 10-13: 12 th Meeting of CARIFORUM
Page 187 and 188: Trinidad & Tobago, 11-15 mayo 2007
Page 189 and 190: Reviewing services negotiations in
Page 191 and 192: Table 2 MMain differeences in serrv
Page 193 and 194: 3. Services coverage in the CARIFOR
Page 195 and 196: In this exercise, it is important t
Page 197 and 198: 196 ANNEX Provisions of the agreeme
Page 199 and 200: Tariff and Non-tariff barriers in E
Page 201 and 202: products could be extended until ye
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Page 205 and 206: than the rate applied on the proces
Page 207 and 208: RoO and the EPAs 1. Introduction Ru
Page 209 and 210: Table 1 Similarity of EAC countries
Page 211 and 212: that value added in ACP countries o
Page 213 and 214: The EU has yet to deliver a simple
Page 215 and 216: arrangements, are constrained by pr
Page 217 and 218: and non-oil exporting countries wit
Page 219 and 220: Common Market for Eastern and South
Page 221 and 222: to be seen. The Ethiopia case study
Page 223 and 224: fact that countries either export o
Page 225 and 226: development assistance in the EPA.
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References Bilal, S. and Stevens, C
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SPS Issues in EPA Negotiations 1. B
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The SPS committee provides an oppor
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of equivalence. Clearly, the Econom
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In the case of Ghana, where there i
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which relevant entities within thei
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Specific provisions While the final
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‘.....In addition, the Parties sh
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imparted to EPA signatories. In pra
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of the EC Party when these products
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So what have the EPA negotiations a
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Region/Country Year Total 2002 2003
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EAC CARIFORUM PACP Region/Country Y
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EAC CARIFORUM PACP Region/Country N
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EAS SADC EAC Country/Region Mycotox
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Country/Region West Africa CEMAC Co
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Development Finance and EPAs 1. Int
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evenues, one of the main sources of
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References Braun-Munzinger, C. ( 20
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