EPA Review Annex Documents - DFID

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initially show serious interest in the EPA until later in the process. This was due to the ‘business as usual’ attitude of the officials, the slow start and ‘learning by doing’ even at the ECOWAS Commission as this is the first time the Commission would be involved in a reciprocal trade agreement of this nature that would commit all its members. Most activities before 2007 were local-oriented within the Ministry in charge of EPA negotiations. Table 6 Cost of EPA negotiation-related meetings officials attend with the EU (US$) Name of Activity EPA Negotiation Meeting Brussels Belgium Date No of days Negotiating session between the EU and West Africa Brussels EPA Negotiation Meeting Brussels Meeting of Chief Negotiating on EPA Brussels No of persons 129 per diem Costing Distance (nautical miles) sub total Total (US$) 2006 2 5 262 2096 4386 15212.5 17308.5 21-25 September 2009 5 4 262 5240 2651 9194.8 14434.8 20-24 April 5 4 262 5240 2651 9194.8 14434.8 17 June 2009 Source: Computed from field data 1 4 262 1048 2651 9194.8 10242.8 56,420.8 The negotiators’ incentives arising from participating in the negotiations consist of the per diem paid and the allowances that government pays for travelling usually referred to as daily travel allowance (DTA). It is paid according to the level of the officer claiming it. Interview indicates that due to budget constraints, this allowance was not paid for EPA meetings since the ECOWAS Commission paid per diem rates to the officers. The cost calculated above is the explicit costs that did not take account of the time that members of staff spend travelling and the lost hours of work undone at the office during travel. It is difficult to calculate this opportunity cost but is quite substantial particularly when it comes to EPA meetings in the region which are conducted almost on a monthly basis sometimes. Table 7 contains the cost of EPA-related meetings Nigerian officials attend within the regional grouping. Similar assumptions as in the case of Table 6 were made to estimate the total costs as the sum of the cost of the individual meetings. Between 2005 and 2009, a total of $231, 015.62 has been spent on Nigerian officials and experts attending negotiations within the region. This covers payment for meetings, workshops, travel and allowances which are paid for by the ECOWAS Commission, the EC, UK Department for International Development (DFID) and Nigeria’s Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
Table 7 Cost of EPA Negotiation-Related Meetings Nigerian officials attend within the regional grouping Name of Activity/Location 110 Date No of days No of person s 130 per diem ($) Subtota l ($) Distance (nautical miles) sub total ($) Togo 15 January 2005 3 2 262 1572 104 170.1 1742.1 Senegal 38693 5 2 262 2620 1301 2127.3 4747.3 Senegal 17 July 2005 3 2 262 1572 1301 2127.3 3699.3 Ghana 38420 3 2 262 1572 206 336.8 1908.8 Togo 24-29 January 2006 5 2 262 2620 104 170.1 2790.1 Kenya 38754 3 2 262 1572 2081 3402.7 4974.7 Benin 18 April 2006 3 2 262 1572 16 26.2 1598.2 Ghana 20 November 2006 4 2 262 2096 206 336.8 2432.8 Paupau New Guinea 30 May 2006 5 2 262 2620 8675 14184. 16804. 6 6 Mauritania 39083 2 2 262 1048 1310 2142.0 3190.0 Burkina Faso 28 January 2007 5 2 262 2620 442 722.7 3342.7 Benin 39177 6 2 262 3144 16 26.2 3170.2 Turkey 16 May 2007 3 2 262 1572 2485 4063.3 5635.3 Cote d'Ivoire 22 May 2007 7 2 262 3668 498 814.3 4482.3 Accra Ghana 1-11 July 2007 11 2 262 5764 206 336.8 6100.8 Banjul 39092 2 2 262 1048 1235 2019.4 3067.4 Ethiopia 39183 3 2 262 1572 2128 3479.5 5051.5 Validation Workshop on the Supplementary Acts on Competition and Investment, LOME-TOGO Stakeholders meeting on 10th EDF, Bonn Germany National Stakeholders Workshop to validate sensitive Products, RoO, CET, Development Issues on GPA Abuja MAN-NESG Workshop on the EPA Lagos Technical Committee on EPA, Abuja ECOWAS Common Investment and Competition Code Accra & Lome Sensitisation Workshop On The Supplementary Act And The Framework 19-22 March 2007 12-13 March 2007 8-10 October 2008 Total ($) 4 3 262 3144 104 255.1 3399.1 2 3 0 0 0 0.0 11571. 4 3 63 0 0 0.0 25000. 0 15-16 May 2008 2 4 0 0 0.0 1633.3 39544 1 27 0 0 0.0 12500. 0 21-28 May 2008 8 3 262 6288 206 589.5 6877.5 4-5 August 2008 2 1 262 524 206 196.5 720.5 110 Dates and locations were recorded from reports and travel documents (where dates of meetings relating to between 2005 and early 2007 were taken) of the EPA Desk Officer.
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EPA Review Annex Documents by Insti
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Part Three: EPAs as Instruments for
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Part One: Literature Review 4
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countries demanded more precision a
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essential and fundamental of EPA (h
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EPA group. However, after phase II
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Disagreements also existed on other
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ules of origin as a basis for negot
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would not meet WTO provisions. Even
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is only just about to conclude an i
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The EC took almost nine months to a
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Caribbean The CARIFORUM EPA was the
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services, CARIFORUM countries commi
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2006. Moreover, PACP countries cons
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Table 3 Main Problems and Divergenc
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4. Final comments The EPA’s negot
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creation) but can also lead to impo
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preferences and hence are likely to
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3. Impact of the EPAs by Region One
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Cape Verde (loss of 4.1% of GDP) an
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SSA ECOWAS CEMAC COMESA EAC Table 2
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Perez (2005) CGE, 2001 base year 80
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Whilst most studies appear to agree
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7. Annex Literature Countries Metho
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Hinkle and Schiff (2004) "Economic
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Milner, Morressey and McKay (2008)
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Karingi et al (2005) “Assessment
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Greenaway and Milner (2003) "a grim
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Perez, R (2005) “ Are the Economi
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Case Studies Lessons 1. Introductio
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trade relation and negotiation matt
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EPAs negotiation process is paralle
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• EPA team The EPA negotiating te
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- State Secretariat of Environment
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Technical Negotiation Group (TNG) m
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spent for these impact assessment s
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Other opportunity costs Another imp
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Since domestic constituencies tend
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Table 11 Negotiating Meetings and R
Page 79 and 80: • An estimated $214,000 in travel
Page 81 and 82: The main expectation of the process
Page 83 and 84: Commission was forced to take up th
Page 85 and 86: Therefore, while negotiators could
Page 87 and 88: System Improvement & Human Resource
Page 89 and 90: Ethiopia - List of RNF meetings Amo
Page 91 and 92: Nigeria Cost of EPA negotiation-rel
Page 93 and 94: Dominican Republic Distribution of
Page 95 and 96: 1. Overview of existing resources f
Page 97 and 98: The FTRD that was responsible for b
Page 99 and 100: The support of the NDTPF and the ex
Page 101 and 102: dedicated sessions during the year
Page 103 and 104: Mauritius, Seychelles, and Madagasc
Page 105 and 106: 3. Quantification of costs of count
Page 107 and 108: Ethiopia took a clear stance from t
Page 109 and 110: 4. Perspectives on EPA negotiations
Page 111 and 112: 5. Qns: Had you had more resources,
Page 113 and 114: ) Basic knowledge on Cotonou Agreem
Page 115 and 116: Council of ESA Ministers Committee
Page 117 and 118: System Improvement & Human Resource
Page 119 and 120: List of RNF meetings 118 ANNEX VII
Page 121 and 122: EPA Review Study Nigeria December,
Page 123 and 124: contains the quantification of cost
Page 125 and 126: which appear to have crowded out ac
Page 127 and 128: Table 3 Resource Detail of Intra-Af
Page 129: Table 5 Capacity Building Programme
Page 133 and 134: ADDRESSING THE LABOUR MARKET EFFECT
Page 135 and 136: Table 9 Annual Cost of Nigeria Trad
Page 137 and 138: Though the current negotiating stru
Page 139 and 140: • The simultaneous application of
Page 141 and 142: understand the changing environment
Page 143 and 144: 7. Summary of Findings and Main Les
Page 145 and 146: opportunity cost could be quite sub
Page 147 and 148: • There is adequate technical adv
Page 149 and 150: 5. Appendices Appendix Table 1 Rang
Page 151 and 152: EPA Review Study Dominican Republic
Page 153 and 154: c. Technical Level At a regional le
Page 155 and 156: 2) From the ministers of trade of C
Page 157 and 158: The fact that the DR had previously
Page 159 and 160: - State Secretariat of Foreign Rela
Page 161 and 162: Table 1 Distribution of the Main Tr
Page 163 and 164: Figure 2 CARIFORUM Dimensions Diffe
Page 165 and 166: with the EU, in order to present a
Page 167 and 168: Table 4 Average Monthly Salaries EP
Page 169 and 170: In additional there were eight meet
Page 171 and 172: Per Diem Rate (US$) 500 A- Total of
Page 173 and 174: 5. Perspectives of EPA negotiations
Page 175 and 176: usiness and political levels repres
Page 177 and 178: expectation of increases in exports
Page 179 and 180: 8. Annexes Interviews Name Institut
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MAY o 05-06: WTO TWG on NAMA, Barba
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o 05-06: Joint Meeting of the Prime
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o 10-13: 12 th Meeting of CARIFORUM
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Trinidad & Tobago, 11-15 mayo 2007
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Reviewing services negotiations in
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Table 2 MMain differeences in serrv
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3. Services coverage in the CARIFOR
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In this exercise, it is important t
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196 ANNEX Provisions of the agreeme
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Tariff and Non-tariff barriers in E
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products could be extended until ye
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extended to the original partner. F
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than the rate applied on the proces
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RoO and the EPAs 1. Introduction Ru
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Table 1 Similarity of EAC countries
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that value added in ACP countries o
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The EU has yet to deliver a simple
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arrangements, are constrained by pr
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and non-oil exporting countries wit
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Common Market for Eastern and South
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to be seen. The Ethiopia case study
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fact that countries either export o
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development assistance in the EPA.
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References Bilal, S. and Stevens, C
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SPS Issues in EPA Negotiations 1. B
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The SPS committee provides an oppor
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of equivalence. Clearly, the Econom
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In the case of Ghana, where there i
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which relevant entities within thei
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Specific provisions While the final
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‘.....In addition, the Parties sh
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imparted to EPA signatories. In pra
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of the EC Party when these products
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So what have the EPA negotiations a
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Region/Country Year Total 2002 2003
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EAC CARIFORUM PACP Region/Country Y
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EAC CARIFORUM PACP Region/Country N
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EAS SADC EAC Country/Region Mycotox
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Country/Region West Africa CEMAC Co
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Development Finance and EPAs 1. Int
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evenues, one of the main sources of
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References Braun-Munzinger, C. ( 20
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