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The Most Diagnostic Column Shaft: COL 1 COL 1 is the only column shaft from Punta Scifo A that has been carefully studied since the time of the shipwreck’s discovery, and it is well-known thanks to the 1911 and 1978 publications by Orsi and Pensabene, respectively. Currently on public display at the Nautical Museum of Capo Colonna, the column was broken into three pieces after its recovery; only two of them are extant. When Paolo Orsi published this item in 1911, it was intact and 4.20 m long, indicating that it was subsequently broken and more than a meter of the original shaft is now missing. 130 The item has a protective collar at one extremity, with a diameter of 0.57 m. My own measurements indicate that the diameter at the first break is 0.49 m and at the second break 0.50 m. It is evident that, once the column was erected in place, the collar removed and the flute-channels dressed, its final diameter at the base would have been similar to the diameter of the rest of the column, taking into account a small difference along the shaft for entasis, or the slight swelling of a column near the middle of its shaft. Therefore, if the column shaft was 4.20 m tall (or 14 ¼ R. ft), with a diameter at the base of ca. 0.50 m (1 ¾ R. ft), the ratio between base and height is 1:8 ⅜ , which is congruent with the proportions of the Corinthian or Ionic orders in Imperial times. 131 A Latin inscription, carved into the collar, reads as follows: 130 Degrassi 1952, 56. 131 Wilson Jones 2000, 148, 222-3. LOC II B II COM I SEVEROEVICTO RINO COS OFF MODIANA C . IVLI .. A 100
This has been interpreted as: Loc(o) II / B(racchio) II Com(missura?) I / Severo et Victo / rino Co(n)s(ulibus) Off(icina) / (Co)modiana C(aesura) / Iuli (G)a(yri). 132 Locus (Latin for “place, position, location”) indicates the place of extraction within the quarry, that is, the exact marble vein; Bracchium (meaning “arm, branch”) is the sector of the quarry from which this particular item was quarried. Com(missura?), Latin for juncture or intersection, is an abbreviation known only at Punta Scifo A, at the quarries of Docimium, 133 and on a block from Caracalla’s Baths in Rome. 134 Its meaning is not totally clear. Severus and Victorinus were the consuls in charge of Rome in A.D. 200; Officina Comodiana (literally Commodus’ workshop) is the workshop that received the column shaft from the quarry under the supervision of Commodus; Iulius Gayrus, if the reading is correct, is the name of the supervisor responsible for the caesura, the process of extracting this piece from the surrounding rock. 135 Therefore, the inscription provides the column shaft’s biographical sketch, recording how it was extracted “in the first intersection of the second branch of the second vein, at the time when Severus and Victorinus were consuls. Commodus directed the workshop that received this item from the cutting team of Julius Gayrus.” 132 Transcription and interpretation: Pensabene, 1978a, 115. See Appendix 5 for more specific information regarding quarry inscriptions in Roman Imperial time. 133 Fant 1989b, 66-71. 134 See Bruzza 1870, 193, n. 279: EPICTETVS AVGVS (ti servus) / PROACTOR PRO (curatoris) / (l)OC IIII B SEC COM L ….. / (al) BINO ET AEMILAN(o cos) / (caesura?) AVR DEMETRI B(eneficiarii..) / (subcu)RA AVR EPITY(nchani)… / VE CAVRT …. The same inscription has been studied by J. Delaine, and she has read it as: EPICTETUS AUGUS[ti lib(ertus) / PROBATOR PRO[bavit] / LOC(o) IIII B(racchio) SEC(undo) COM(?) I[?] / al]BINO ET AEMILAN(o) [COS] / [caesura] AUR(elii) DEMETRI B[eneficiarii] / [sub cu]RA AUR(elii) EPITY[nchiani] / VEC(tura) AUR(elii) T[hrasonis] 135 For more parallels and extra information regarding Latin quarry-inscriptions, see Bruzza 1870, 106-204; Dodge 1991, 35-6; Ward-Perkins 1992a, 26-30; Pensabene 1998a, 358-362; Pensabene 2001, 44-6; Pensabene 2002a, 18-23. 101
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MARBLE TRASPORT I THE TIME OF THE S
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ABSTRACT Marble Tranport in the Tim
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To Cesare and Gabriella Bartoli, fo
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I am deeply indebted to Dr. Deborah
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Artifacts: ABA Attic base BLC Block
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Page The 2006 Mapping Season.......
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Southern I
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Page Figure 29 Three-dimensional di
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Coordinates
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CHAPTER I ITRODUCTIO The research t
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to Tarentum. After locating these a
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the Peloponnese, which sailors had
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Calabria is 240 km long and reaches
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It is, therefore, easy to understan
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territory. These peaks would also h
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The relevance of the mountains gain
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Pseudo-Scylax, an anonymous geograp
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the castle but the sea around the i
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happens in the city of Egripos (mod
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e trusted. 41 Their legends explain
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Croton who discovered three of the
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or, thereafter, Roman Copia, flouri
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The Scirocco Wind and the Final Mom
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(Drawing: D. Bartoli).
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ancient settlements and ports locat
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The Punta Scifo A Shipwreck and Its
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Roman inscriptions on two of the th
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marble table, along with fragments
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and curiously some of the blocks an
Page 69 and 70: Fig. 20. The catamaran Juno at work
Page 71: The rocky spots close to the coastl
Page 74 and 75: Fig. 23. The launch used to reach t
Page 76: Results of the Studies The Punta Sc
Page 79 and 80: Item # Block/Slab Length (m) Table
Page 81 and 82: Item # Block/Slab Length (m) Table
Page 83: cargo was probably intended to prov
Page 86 and 87: of which was capped at 100 denarii
Page 88 and 89: Table 5. (continued). Tons Volume (
Page 90 and 91: Based on the available data, the ca
Page 92: CHAPTER III THE PUTA SCIFO A (“PA
Page 95 and 96: five more labra, two pedestals, and
Page 97 and 98: A small portion of the bottom of th
Page 99 and 100: ecovery efforts at the beginning of
Page 101 and 102: Table 7. Catalog of marble artifact
Page 103 and 104: Table 7 (continued). Current Locati
Page 111 and 112: Column Shafts The Marble Elements f
Page 113 and 114: shafts quarried throughout the Roma
Page 115 and 116: superimposed columns is the basilic
Page 117: to their diameters. 126 As is shown
Page 121 and 122: administrative center in Synnada, b
Page 123 and 124: Marble Blocks At the time of its di
Page 125 and 126: pavonazzetto have squared or rectan
Page 127 and 128: Marble Basins (Labra) on-Architectu
Page 129 and 130: Table 12 shows the dimensions, both
Page 132 and 133: Pedestals Decorated with Lions’ P
Page 134 and 135: Table 13. Dimensions of the marble
Page 136 and 137: Stands Decorated with Lions’ Paws
Page 138: Fig. 37. Greek relief of the sixth
Page 142 and 143: Statue Pedestal # Table 17 (continu
Page 144: Fig. 43. Marks left from a statue
Page 147 and 148: trapezophoros, a vertical support f
Page 149 and 150: Fig. 45. (a) To the left a statue o
Page 151 and 152: In Sicily, A. J. Parker and D. M. S
Page 153 and 154: Bronze Ladles, Candelabrum, Lead De
Page 155 and 156: Conclusions Like all ancient shipwr
Page 157 and 158: CHAPTER IV THE PUTA SCIFO A SHIPWRE
Page 159 and 160: Empire’s most prominent cities. T
Page 161 and 162: Eastern materials with the modesty
Page 163 and 164: its ruling families could be preser
Page 165 and 166: concentrated his efforts on the eff
Page 167 and 168: vast quantities of marble, and Rome
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to open new quarries, hoping the in
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Palatine, and the Thermae Antoninia
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The Punta Scifo A shipwreck adds in
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157 made them white elephants; too
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oard among amphoras, kitchen cerami
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Table 18 (continued). Publication T
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Table 18 (continued). Publication T
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Table 20. Percentages of shipwrecke
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Table 22. Tonnage of known marble c
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with the major state-owned producti
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One characteristic that sets Procon
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175 Synnadic, or Phrygian, which re
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Sangarius River is at present a lit
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CHAPTER V SUMMARY AD FIAL COCLUSIOS
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uilding project, lead me to propose
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WORKS CITED Adam, R. 1990. Classica
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edited by M. Waelkens and Norman He
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Corcoran, S., and J. DeLaine. "The
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_______. 1989b. Cavum Antrum Phrygi
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___________. 1992. "Exportation of
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_________ and S. Festuccia. 1995. "
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Peacock, D. P. S., and D. F. Willia
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Richter, G.M.A. 1966. "The Furnitur
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Spagnoli, E. 2002. "Bolli in Piombo
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White, K.D. 1984. Greek and Roman T
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LAB 3. Labrum. Present location: Ar
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LAB 5. Labrum. Present location: Na
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LAB 7. Labrum. Present location: Ca
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211
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213
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215
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HPL 5. High pedestal stand with lio
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MPL 1. Medium pedestal stand with l
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MPL 2. Medium pedestal stand with l
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LPL 1. Low pedestal stand with lion
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LPL 2. Low pedestal stand with lion
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COL 1. Column shaft. Present locati
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COL 3B. Column shaft, fragment. Pre
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COL 3B COL 4 COL 3C 233
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STP 2. Statue Pedestal. Present loc
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241
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245
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247
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249
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BLC 4. Block. Present location: Cap
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BLC 6. Block. Present location: Las
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BLC 8 Present location: Corazzo Des
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BLC 10. Block. Present location: Se
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BLC 12. Block. Present location: Se
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STA 1. Statuette of Eros and Psyche
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SLB 1. Marble slab. Present locatio
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ABA 2. Attic Base. Present location
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267
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ABA 5. Attic Base. Present location
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ICA 2. Ionic Capital. Present locat
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MOB 1. Mobile artifacts. (Coticulae
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MOB 3. Mobile artifact. (Amphora).
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MOB 6. Mobile artifacts. (Pitchers/
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MOB 7. Mobile artifacts. (Bronze la
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MOB 8. Mobile artifact. (Bronze can
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MOB 9. Mobile artifact. (Lead statu
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APPEDIX 2 TRASCRIPTIOS OF THE ORIGI
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[May 2, 1915]. English Translation.
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[3 maggio 1915]. Copia = L’anno m
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[15 maggio 1915]. R. SOPRITEDEZA AR
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[May 15, 1915]. English Translation
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These are the results of my mission
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Nel foglio M presento il disegno di
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I show on sheet M the drawing of on
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Circus Maximus, the other in the Ca
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Cic. Brut. 85: Memoria teneo Smyrna
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Myscellus, an Achaean by birth, wen
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311 ajgora;n para; tw`n Krotwviatw`
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Livy, 24.3.6: Magni igitur fructus
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Livy, 36.42.1-4: C. Livius praefect
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stabatque sibi non segnis achates /
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the former kings of Bithynia, thoug
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321 Plin. H 24.23.37: Spissarum uti
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of the emperor, so to contribute to
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325 The whole march from New Cartha
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Suet. Aug. 28: Urbem neque pro maie
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the territory of Thuria. And when t
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Verg. G. 3.219: Pascitur in magna S
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widely used in Byzantium made the l
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APPEDIX 5 ROMA QUARRY ISCRIPTIOS Ro
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• CAES(ura) followed by the name
show all

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