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_________ and S. Festuccia. 1995. "Siti Costieri dal Bronzo Medio al Bronzo Finale nella Calabria Centro-Orientale (Italia Meridionale)." In Settlement and Economy in Italy 1500 BC to AD 1500. Papers of the Fifth Conference of Italian Archaeology, edited by C. Neil, 241-52. Oxford: Oxbow Books. 194 _________1996a. "Calabria Centro-Meridionale." In Forme e Tempi della eolitizzazione in Italia Meridionale e in Sicilia, 573. Soveria Mannelli, Italy: Rubbettino Editore. _________1996b. "Cave d' Età Greca nella Chora Meridionale della Polis di Kroton: Note Topografiche e Tipologiche." In Vir Bonus, Docendi Peritus. Omaggio dell' Università dell' Aquila a Giovanni Garuti, edited by A. dell' Era and A. Russi, 17-38. San Severo, Italy: Gerni Editori. Martin, R. 1965. Manuel d'Architecture Grecque. Matériaux et Techniques. Vol. 1. Paris: Éditions Picard. Mastroroberto, M. 2002a. "Trapezoforo con Erma di Menade." In I Marmi Colorati della Roma Imperiale, edited by M. De Nuccio and L. Ungaro, 373-75. Venezia: Marsilio Editori. ______________. 2002b. "Trapezoforo con Erma Dionisiaca." In I Marmi Colorati della Roma Imperiale, edited by M. De Nuccio and L. Ungaro, 375-76. Venezia: Marsilio Editori. McCann, A. M., and J. P. Oleson. 2004. "5. Wreck F (Mid-1 st C. A.D.)." In Deep-Water Shipwrecks off Skerki Bank: the 1997 Survey, 90-117. Portsmouth, Rhode Island: Journal of Roman Archaeology, Supplementary Series, 58. Medaglia, S. 2002. "Materiali Erratici dal Mare di Kaulonia." In Archeologia Subacquea 3: 163-85. Mellink, M. 1973. "Archaeology in Asia Minor." AJA 77: 191, fig.38. Merlin, A., and L. Poinssot. 1956. "Elements Architecturaux Trouvés en Mer près de Mahdia." Karthago 7: 59-124. Miniero, P. 2003. Baia. Il Castello, il Museo, l'Area Archeologica. Napoli: Electa. Mols, S. 1999. Wooden Furniture in Herculaneum. Form, Technique and Function. Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben. Morrison, J.S., J.F. Coates, and N.B. Rankov. 2000. The Athenian Trireme. The History and Reconstruction of an Ancient Greek Warship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Morter, J. 1992. "Capo Alfiere and the Middle Neolithic Period in Eastern Calabria, Southern Italy.” Ph.D. diss., The University of Texas at Austin. Moss, C. F. 1998. "Roman Marble Tables." Ph.D. diss., Princeton University. Musti, D. 1994. Strabone e la Magna Grecia. Città e Popoli dell' Italia Antica. Padova, Italy: Esedra Editrice. Nash, E. 1962. Pictorial Dictionary of Ancient Rome. Vol. 2. New York: Frederick A. Praeger. Nola Molisi, G. B. 1982. Cronica dell' Antichissima e obilissima Città di Crotone. Sala Bolognese, Italy: Arnaldo Forni Editore, 1649. 195 Ökte, E.Z. 1988. "Kitab-I Bahriye Piri Reis." In Kitab-I Bahriye Piri Reis, 1023-39. Vol. 3. Ankara: Historical Research Foundation. Orsi, P. 1911. "Scoperte Subacquee presso l' Heraeum." In Sc Supplemento: 118-24. Roma: Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. ______. 1921. "Cotrone. Nuove Scoperte Subacquee di Marmi in Parte Scritti a Punta Scifo." In Sc: 493-96. Roma: Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. Ortolani, G. 2001. "Lavorazione di Pietre e Marmi nel Mondo Antico." In Marmi Antichi, edited by G. Borghini, 19-42. Roma: Edizioni De Luca. Osborne, R. 2000. "Early Greek Colonization? The Nature of Greek Settlement in the West." In Archaic Greece: ew Approaches and ew Evidence, edited by N. Fisher, H. van Wees and D. Dickmann Boedeker, 251-70. London: Duckworth. Palmer, R. 1976. "A Poem of All Seasons: AE 1928.108." Phoenix 30, 2: 163-6. Panella, C. 1973. "Forma Niederbieber 77 / Kapitän II / Forma VI." In Ostia III: le Terme del uotatore. Scavo degli Ambiente III, VI, VII, edited by A. Carandini and C. Panella, 203, 430, 596-99. Roma: De Luca. Paoletti, M. 1994. “Occupazione Romana e Storia delle Città”. In Storia della Calabria Antica. Età Italica e Romana, edited by S. Settis, 467-556. Roma: Gangemi Editore. Parker, A.J., and D.M. Squire. 1974. "A Wreck of the Late 2 nd Century A.D. at Terrauzza (Siracusa, Sicily)." IJA 3: 27-34. _________. 1976. "Il Relitto Romano delle Colonne a Camarina." Sicilia Archeologica 11, 30: 24-29.
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MARBLE TRASPORT I THE TIME OF THE S
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ABSTRACT Marble Tranport in the Tim
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To Cesare and Gabriella Bartoli, fo
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I am deeply indebted to Dr. Deborah
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Artifacts: ABA Attic base BLC Block
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Page The 2006 Mapping Season.......
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Southern I
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Page Figure 29 Three-dimensional di
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Coordinates
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CHAPTER I ITRODUCTIO The research t
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to Tarentum. After locating these a
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the Peloponnese, which sailors had
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Calabria is 240 km long and reaches
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It is, therefore, easy to understan
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territory. These peaks would also h
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The relevance of the mountains gain
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Pseudo-Scylax, an anonymous geograp
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the castle but the sea around the i
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happens in the city of Egripos (mod
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e trusted. 41 Their legends explain
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Croton who discovered three of the
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or, thereafter, Roman Copia, flouri
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The Scirocco Wind and the Final Mom
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(Drawing: D. Bartoli).
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ancient settlements and ports locat
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The Punta Scifo A Shipwreck and Its
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Roman inscriptions on two of the th
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marble table, along with fragments
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and curiously some of the blocks an
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Fig. 20. The catamaran Juno at work
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The rocky spots close to the coastl
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Fig. 23. The launch used to reach t
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Results of the Studies The Punta Sc
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Item # Block/Slab Length (m) Table
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Item # Block/Slab Length (m) Table
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cargo was probably intended to prov
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of which was capped at 100 denarii
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Table 5. (continued). Tons Volume (
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Based on the available data, the ca
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CHAPTER III THE PUTA SCIFO A (“PA
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five more labra, two pedestals, and
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A small portion of the bottom of th
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ecovery efforts at the beginning of
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Table 7. Catalog of marble artifact
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Table 7 (continued). Current Locati
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Column Shafts The Marble Elements f
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shafts quarried throughout the Roma
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superimposed columns is the basilic
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to their diameters. 126 As is shown
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This has been interpreted as: Loc(o
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administrative center in Synnada, b
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Marble Blocks At the time of its di
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pavonazzetto have squared or rectan
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Marble Basins (Labra) on-Architectu
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Table 12 shows the dimensions, both
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Pedestals Decorated with Lions’ P
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Table 13. Dimensions of the marble
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Stands Decorated with Lions’ Paws
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Fig. 37. Greek relief of the sixth
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Statue Pedestal # Table 17 (continu
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Fig. 43. Marks left from a statue
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trapezophoros, a vertical support f
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Fig. 45. (a) To the left a statue o
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In Sicily, A. J. Parker and D. M. S
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Bronze Ladles, Candelabrum, Lead De
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Conclusions Like all ancient shipwr
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CHAPTER IV THE PUTA SCIFO A SHIPWRE
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Empire’s most prominent cities. T
Page 161 and 162: Eastern materials with the modesty
Page 163 and 164: its ruling families could be preser
Page 165 and 166: concentrated his efforts on the eff
Page 167 and 168: vast quantities of marble, and Rome
Page 169 and 170: to open new quarries, hoping the in
Page 171 and 172: Palatine, and the Thermae Antoninia
Page 173 and 174: The Punta Scifo A shipwreck adds in
Page 175 and 176: 157 made them white elephants; too
Page 177 and 178: oard among amphoras, kitchen cerami
Page 179 and 180: Table 18 (continued). Publication T
Page 181: Table 18 (continued). Publication T
Page 184 and 185: Table 20. Percentages of shipwrecke
Page 186 and 187: Table 22. Tonnage of known marble c
Page 188: with the major state-owned producti
Page 191 and 192: One characteristic that sets Procon
Page 193 and 194: 175 Synnadic, or Phrygian, which re
Page 196 and 197: Sangarius River is at present a lit
Page 198 and 199: CHAPTER V SUMMARY AD FIAL COCLUSIOS
Page 200 and 201: uilding project, lead me to propose
Page 202 and 203: WORKS CITED Adam, R. 1990. Classica
Page 204 and 205: edited by M. Waelkens and Norman He
Page 206 and 207: Corcoran, S., and J. DeLaine. "The
Page 208 and 209: _______. 1989b. Cavum Antrum Phrygi
Page 210 and 211: ___________. 1992. "Exportation of
Page 214 and 215: Peacock, D. P. S., and D. F. Willia
Page 216 and 217: Richter, G.M.A. 1966. "The Furnitur
Page 218 and 219: Spagnoli, E. 2002. "Bolli in Piombo
Page 220: White, K.D. 1984. Greek and Roman T
Page 223 and 224: LAB 3. Labrum. Present location: Ar
Page 225 and 226: LAB 5. Labrum. Present location: Na
Page 227 and 228: LAB 7. Labrum. Present location: Ca
Page 229 and 230: 211
Page 231 and 232: 213
Page 233 and 234: 215
Page 235 and 236: HPL 5. High pedestal stand with lio
Page 237 and 238: MPL 1. Medium pedestal stand with l
Page 239 and 240: MPL 2. Medium pedestal stand with l
Page 241 and 242: LPL 1. Low pedestal stand with lion
Page 243 and 244: LPL 2. Low pedestal stand with lion
Page 245 and 246: COL 1. Column shaft. Present locati
Page 249 and 250: COL 3B. Column shaft, fragment. Pre
Page 251 and 252: COL 3B COL 4 COL 3C 233
Page 255 and 256: STP 2. Statue Pedestal. Present loc
Page 259 and 260: 241
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245
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247
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249
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BLC 4. Block. Present location: Cap
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BLC 6. Block. Present location: Las
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BLC 8 Present location: Corazzo Des
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BLC 10. Block. Present location: Se
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BLC 12. Block. Present location: Se
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STA 1. Statuette of Eros and Psyche
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SLB 1. Marble slab. Present locatio
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ABA 2. Attic Base. Present location
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267
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ABA 5. Attic Base. Present location
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ICA 2. Ionic Capital. Present locat
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MOB 1. Mobile artifacts. (Coticulae
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MOB 3. Mobile artifact. (Amphora).
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MOB 6. Mobile artifacts. (Pitchers/
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MOB 7. Mobile artifacts. (Bronze la
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MOB 8. Mobile artifact. (Bronze can
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MOB 9. Mobile artifact. (Lead statu
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APPEDIX 2 TRASCRIPTIOS OF THE ORIGI
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[May 2, 1915]. English Translation.
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[3 maggio 1915]. Copia = L’anno m
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[15 maggio 1915]. R. SOPRITEDEZA AR
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[May 15, 1915]. English Translation
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These are the results of my mission
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Nel foglio M presento il disegno di
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I show on sheet M the drawing of on
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Circus Maximus, the other in the Ca
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Cic. Brut. 85: Memoria teneo Smyrna
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Myscellus, an Achaean by birth, wen
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311 ajgora;n para; tw`n Krotwviatw`
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Livy, 24.3.6: Magni igitur fructus
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Livy, 36.42.1-4: C. Livius praefect
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stabatque sibi non segnis achates /
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the former kings of Bithynia, thoug
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321 Plin. H 24.23.37: Spissarum uti
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of the emperor, so to contribute to
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325 The whole march from New Cartha
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Suet. Aug. 28: Urbem neque pro maie
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the territory of Thuria. And when t
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Verg. G. 3.219: Pascitur in magna S
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widely used in Byzantium made the l
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APPEDIX 5 ROMA QUARRY ISCRIPTIOS Ro
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• CAES(ura) followed by the name
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