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334 Table 23. The marbles mentioned in Diocletian’s Edict: ancient and modern names, region of provenience, cost in denarii per Roman foot. Marble Name (Ancient) Marble Name (Modern) Provenience Denarii /R.ft. 1 Porfyritici Red porphyry Gebel Dokhan, Egypt 250 2 Lacedaemonii Serpentino Krokeai, Greece 250 3 Numidici Giallo antico Chemtou, Tunisia 200 4 Lucullei Africano Teos, Turkey 150 5 Pyrrhopoicili Red granite Aswan, Egypt 100 6 Claudiani Granito del Foro Gebel Fatireh, Egypt 100 7 Alabastreni Alabastro cotognino Egypt 75 8 Docimeni Pavonazzetto Iscehisar, Turkey 200 9 Euthydemiani Unnamed Unknown 60 10 Anacasteni Unnamed Asia Minor? 40 11 Tripontici Occhio di pavone Nicomedia, Turkey 75 12 Thessalici Verde antico Thessaly, Greece 150 13 Carusti Cipollino Euboea, Greece 100 14 Scyriani Breccia di Sciro Skyros, Greece 40 15 Heracleotici Heracleian Bafa Gölü, Turkey 75 16 Lesbi Bigio Antico Lesbos, Greece 40 17 Thassi Thasian Thasos, Greece 50 18 Proconnesi Proconnesian Marmara, Turkey 40 19 Potomogalleni Lithos Sangarios? Bilecik, Turkey 325 325 Ward-Perkins 1992b, 61, n.4. 40
APPEDIX 5 ROMA QUARRY ISCRIPTIOS Roman quarry inscriptions follow a highly-standardized marking system. Therefore, it is 335 easy to provide the basic elements that were inscribed on the surfaces of marble blocks and column shafts: only a limited number of words were used, often combined together to in a kind of standard pattern. First of all, it appears that there are three different sets of inscriptions: those carved immediately after the block or column shaft had been extracted from the bedrock, another made just before the items were shipped to their destinations, and the final inscription made upon receipt. In a certain way, quarry-inscriptions had to record the “production pedigree” of each item, specifying the year of production, the owner, the officer in charge of a given quarry, the engineer who supervised the operations, and even the team that cut that particular artifact in a specific location at the quarry. The probator, a specialist in assessing marble imperfections, granted the final approval of quality control, marking his approval with the letter P(robatum,) or rejection with REP(robatum). 325 Sometimes a stricken-through R can also be found for R(ecensitum), meaning that the item had been reviewed and approved for trade. 326 The first element that often appears on blocks and column shafts was the title CAES, which can have two completely different meanings. On one hand, if interpreted as CAES(aris), it could mean “belonging to Caesar.” As J. C. Fant pointed out, the Emperor 325 Pensabene 1998a, 359. 326 Pensabene 1998a, 359.
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MARBLE TRASPORT I THE TIME OF THE S
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ABSTRACT Marble Tranport in the Tim
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To Cesare and Gabriella Bartoli, fo
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I am deeply indebted to Dr. Deborah
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Artifacts: ABA Attic base BLC Block
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Page The 2006 Mapping Season.......
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Southern I
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Page Figure 29 Three-dimensional di
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Coordinates
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CHAPTER I ITRODUCTIO The research t
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to Tarentum. After locating these a
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the Peloponnese, which sailors had
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Calabria is 240 km long and reaches
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It is, therefore, easy to understan
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territory. These peaks would also h
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The relevance of the mountains gain
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Pseudo-Scylax, an anonymous geograp
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the castle but the sea around the i
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happens in the city of Egripos (mod
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e trusted. 41 Their legends explain
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Croton who discovered three of the
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or, thereafter, Roman Copia, flouri
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The Scirocco Wind and the Final Mom
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(Drawing: D. Bartoli).
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ancient settlements and ports locat
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The Punta Scifo A Shipwreck and Its
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Roman inscriptions on two of the th
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marble table, along with fragments
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and curiously some of the blocks an
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Fig. 20. The catamaran Juno at work
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The rocky spots close to the coastl
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Fig. 23. The launch used to reach t
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Results of the Studies The Punta Sc
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Item # Block/Slab Length (m) Table
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Item # Block/Slab Length (m) Table
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cargo was probably intended to prov
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of which was capped at 100 denarii
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Table 5. (continued). Tons Volume (
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Based on the available data, the ca
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CHAPTER III THE PUTA SCIFO A (“PA
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five more labra, two pedestals, and
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A small portion of the bottom of th
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ecovery efforts at the beginning of
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Table 7. Catalog of marble artifact
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Table 7 (continued). Current Locati
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Column Shafts The Marble Elements f
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shafts quarried throughout the Roma
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superimposed columns is the basilic
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to their diameters. 126 As is shown
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This has been interpreted as: Loc(o
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administrative center in Synnada, b
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Marble Blocks At the time of its di
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pavonazzetto have squared or rectan
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Marble Basins (Labra) on-Architectu
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Table 12 shows the dimensions, both
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Pedestals Decorated with Lions’ P
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Table 13. Dimensions of the marble
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Stands Decorated with Lions’ Paws
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Fig. 37. Greek relief of the sixth
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Statue Pedestal # Table 17 (continu
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Fig. 43. Marks left from a statue
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trapezophoros, a vertical support f
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Fig. 45. (a) To the left a statue o
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In Sicily, A. J. Parker and D. M. S
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Bronze Ladles, Candelabrum, Lead De
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Conclusions Like all ancient shipwr
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CHAPTER IV THE PUTA SCIFO A SHIPWRE
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Empire’s most prominent cities. T
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Eastern materials with the modesty
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its ruling families could be preser
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concentrated his efforts on the eff
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vast quantities of marble, and Rome
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to open new quarries, hoping the in
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Palatine, and the Thermae Antoninia
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The Punta Scifo A shipwreck adds in
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157 made them white elephants; too
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oard among amphoras, kitchen cerami
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Table 18 (continued). Publication T
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Table 18 (continued). Publication T
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Table 20. Percentages of shipwrecke
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Table 22. Tonnage of known marble c
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with the major state-owned producti
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One characteristic that sets Procon
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175 Synnadic, or Phrygian, which re
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Sangarius River is at present a lit
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CHAPTER V SUMMARY AD FIAL COCLUSIOS
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uilding project, lead me to propose
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WORKS CITED Adam, R. 1990. Classica
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edited by M. Waelkens and Norman He
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Corcoran, S., and J. DeLaine. "The
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_______. 1989b. Cavum Antrum Phrygi
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___________. 1992. "Exportation of
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_________ and S. Festuccia. 1995. "
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Peacock, D. P. S., and D. F. Willia
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Richter, G.M.A. 1966. "The Furnitur
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Spagnoli, E. 2002. "Bolli in Piombo
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White, K.D. 1984. Greek and Roman T
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LAB 3. Labrum. Present location: Ar
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LAB 5. Labrum. Present location: Na
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LAB 7. Labrum. Present location: Ca
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211
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215
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HPL 5. High pedestal stand with lio
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MPL 1. Medium pedestal stand with l
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MPL 2. Medium pedestal stand with l
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LPL 1. Low pedestal stand with lion
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LPL 2. Low pedestal stand with lion
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COL 1. Column shaft. Present locati
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COL 3B. Column shaft, fragment. Pre
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COL 3B COL 4 COL 3C 233
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STP 2. Statue Pedestal. Present loc
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241
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245
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249
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BLC 4. Block. Present location: Cap
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BLC 6. Block. Present location: Las
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BLC 8 Present location: Corazzo Des
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BLC 10. Block. Present location: Se
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BLC 12. Block. Present location: Se
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STA 1. Statuette of Eros and Psyche
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SLB 1. Marble slab. Present locatio
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ABA 2. Attic Base. Present location
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267
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ABA 5. Attic Base. Present location
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ICA 2. Ionic Capital. Present locat
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MOB 1. Mobile artifacts. (Coticulae
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MOB 3. Mobile artifact. (Amphora).
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MOB 6. Mobile artifacts. (Pitchers/
Page 301 and 302: MOB 7. Mobile artifacts. (Bronze la
Page 303 and 304: MOB 8. Mobile artifact. (Bronze can
Page 305 and 306: MOB 9. Mobile artifact. (Lead statu
Page 307 and 308: APPEDIX 2 TRASCRIPTIOS OF THE ORIGI
Page 309 and 310: [May 2, 1915]. English Translation.
Page 311 and 312: [3 maggio 1915]. Copia = L’anno m
Page 313 and 314: [15 maggio 1915]. R. SOPRITEDEZA AR
Page 315 and 316: [May 15, 1915]. English Translation
Page 317 and 318: These are the results of my mission
Page 319 and 320: Nel foglio M presento il disegno di
Page 321 and 322: I show on sheet M the drawing of on
Page 323 and 324: Circus Maximus, the other in the Ca
Page 325 and 326: Cic. Brut. 85: Memoria teneo Smyrna
Page 327 and 328: Myscellus, an Achaean by birth, wen
Page 329 and 330: 311 ajgora;n para; tw`n Krotwviatw`
Page 331 and 332: Livy, 24.3.6: Magni igitur fructus
Page 333 and 334: Livy, 36.42.1-4: C. Livius praefect
Page 335 and 336: stabatque sibi non segnis achates /
Page 337 and 338: the former kings of Bithynia, thoug
Page 339 and 340: 321 Plin. H 24.23.37: Spissarum uti
Page 341 and 342: of the emperor, so to contribute to
Page 343 and 344: 325 The whole march from New Cartha
Page 345 and 346: Suet. Aug. 28: Urbem neque pro maie
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Page 349 and 350: Verg. G. 3.219: Pascitur in magna S
Page 351: widely used in Byzantium made the l
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