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Stands Decorated with Lions’ Paws: Possible Functions The presence of lions’ paws on the pedestals found at Punta Scifo A raises another interesting parallel. The most numerous and best-preserved examples come from richly-decorated villas in Pompeii and Herculaneum. The best comparanda are used in the decoration of interior spaces. As Stephan Mols points out in his study of the wooden furniture from Herculaneum, objects of daily life decorated with lions’ and dogs’ paws are extremely common, and besides them “we encounter the legs of panthers, cattle, horses, deer and antelope. They could be in marble or bronze, as well as in wood. We find animal legs, especially lion legs, in other types of furniture and in everyday objects.” 166 In Tutankhamun’s Egypt (1336-1327 B.C.) lions’ paws were used to decorate wooden furniture, 167 and to the reign of Ashurnasirpal (884-859 B.C.) is dated a bronze throne decorated with lion’s paws (Fig. 35). 168 In the Archaic and Classical periods (sixth-fifth centuries B.C.) lions’ paws were used on objects such as small tables (Fig. 36), and thrones (Fig. 37). In Hellenistic times lions’ paws were a ubiquitous decoration for marble theater seats, as at Miletus, Priene, Oropos, 169 and Athens. 170 A marble tripod, also from Miletus, is decorated in the same way. 171 166 Mols 1999, 45-6. 167 Reeves 1990, 184-6. 168 Litchfield 1899, 3. 169 Krauss 1973, figs. 90-6. 170 Richter 1966, figs. 139-51. 171 Knackfuss 1908, table 19. 118
Fig. 35. Bronze throne and footstool from Assyria, ca. 888 B.C. (Image from Litchfield 1899, 3). Fig. 36. Table decorated with lions’ paws, Archaic Greek Age. (Image from Litchfield 1899, 9). 119
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MARBLE TRASPORT I THE TIME OF THE S
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ABSTRACT Marble Tranport in the Tim
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To Cesare and Gabriella Bartoli, fo
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I am deeply indebted to Dr. Deborah
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Artifacts: ABA Attic base BLC Block
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Page The 2006 Mapping Season.......
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Southern I
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Page Figure 29 Three-dimensional di
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Coordinates
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CHAPTER I ITRODUCTIO The research t
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to Tarentum. After locating these a
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the Peloponnese, which sailors had
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Calabria is 240 km long and reaches
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It is, therefore, easy to understan
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territory. These peaks would also h
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The relevance of the mountains gain
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Pseudo-Scylax, an anonymous geograp
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the castle but the sea around the i
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happens in the city of Egripos (mod
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e trusted. 41 Their legends explain
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Croton who discovered three of the
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or, thereafter, Roman Copia, flouri
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The Scirocco Wind and the Final Mom
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(Drawing: D. Bartoli).
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ancient settlements and ports locat
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The Punta Scifo A Shipwreck and Its
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Roman inscriptions on two of the th
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marble table, along with fragments
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and curiously some of the blocks an
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Fig. 20. The catamaran Juno at work
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The rocky spots close to the coastl
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Fig. 23. The launch used to reach t
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Results of the Studies The Punta Sc
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Item # Block/Slab Length (m) Table
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Item # Block/Slab Length (m) Table
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cargo was probably intended to prov
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Page 88 and 89: Table 5. (continued). Tons Volume (
Page 90 and 91: Based on the available data, the ca
Page 92: CHAPTER III THE PUTA SCIFO A (“PA
Page 95 and 96: five more labra, two pedestals, and
Page 97 and 98: A small portion of the bottom of th
Page 99 and 100: ecovery efforts at the beginning of
Page 101 and 102: Table 7. Catalog of marble artifact
Page 103 and 104: Table 7 (continued). Current Locati
Page 111 and 112: Column Shafts The Marble Elements f
Page 113 and 114: shafts quarried throughout the Roma
Page 115 and 116: superimposed columns is the basilic
Page 117 and 118: to their diameters. 126 As is shown
Page 119 and 120: This has been interpreted as: Loc(o
Page 121 and 122: administrative center in Synnada, b
Page 123 and 124: Marble Blocks At the time of its di
Page 125 and 126: pavonazzetto have squared or rectan
Page 127 and 128: Marble Basins (Labra) on-Architectu
Page 129 and 130: Table 12 shows the dimensions, both
Page 132 and 133: Pedestals Decorated with Lions’ P
Page 134 and 135: Table 13. Dimensions of the marble
Page 138: Fig. 37. Greek relief of the sixth
Page 142 and 143: Statue Pedestal # Table 17 (continu
Page 144: Fig. 43. Marks left from a statue
Page 147 and 148: trapezophoros, a vertical support f
Page 149 and 150: Fig. 45. (a) To the left a statue o
Page 151 and 152: In Sicily, A. J. Parker and D. M. S
Page 153 and 154: Bronze Ladles, Candelabrum, Lead De
Page 155 and 156: Conclusions Like all ancient shipwr
Page 157 and 158: CHAPTER IV THE PUTA SCIFO A SHIPWRE
Page 159 and 160: Empire’s most prominent cities. T
Page 161 and 162: Eastern materials with the modesty
Page 163 and 164: its ruling families could be preser
Page 165 and 166: concentrated his efforts on the eff
Page 167 and 168: vast quantities of marble, and Rome
Page 169 and 170: to open new quarries, hoping the in
Page 171 and 172: Palatine, and the Thermae Antoninia
Page 173 and 174: The Punta Scifo A shipwreck adds in
Page 175 and 176: 157 made them white elephants; too
Page 177 and 178: oard among amphoras, kitchen cerami
Page 179 and 180: Table 18 (continued). Publication T
Page 181: Table 18 (continued). Publication T
Page 184 and 185: Table 20. Percentages of shipwrecke
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Table 22. Tonnage of known marble c
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with the major state-owned producti
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One characteristic that sets Procon
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175 Synnadic, or Phrygian, which re
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Sangarius River is at present a lit
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CHAPTER V SUMMARY AD FIAL COCLUSIOS
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uilding project, lead me to propose
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WORKS CITED Adam, R. 1990. Classica
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edited by M. Waelkens and Norman He
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Corcoran, S., and J. DeLaine. "The
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_______. 1989b. Cavum Antrum Phrygi
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___________. 1992. "Exportation of
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_________ and S. Festuccia. 1995. "
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Peacock, D. P. S., and D. F. Willia
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Richter, G.M.A. 1966. "The Furnitur
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Spagnoli, E. 2002. "Bolli in Piombo
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White, K.D. 1984. Greek and Roman T
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LAB 3. Labrum. Present location: Ar
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LAB 5. Labrum. Present location: Na
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LAB 7. Labrum. Present location: Ca
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211
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213
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215
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HPL 5. High pedestal stand with lio
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MPL 1. Medium pedestal stand with l
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MPL 2. Medium pedestal stand with l
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LPL 1. Low pedestal stand with lion
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LPL 2. Low pedestal stand with lion
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COL 1. Column shaft. Present locati
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COL 3B. Column shaft, fragment. Pre
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COL 3B COL 4 COL 3C 233
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STP 2. Statue Pedestal. Present loc
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241
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245
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249
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BLC 4. Block. Present location: Cap
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BLC 6. Block. Present location: Las
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BLC 8 Present location: Corazzo Des
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BLC 10. Block. Present location: Se
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BLC 12. Block. Present location: Se
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STA 1. Statuette of Eros and Psyche
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SLB 1. Marble slab. Present locatio
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ABA 2. Attic Base. Present location
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267
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ABA 5. Attic Base. Present location
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ICA 2. Ionic Capital. Present locat
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MOB 1. Mobile artifacts. (Coticulae
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MOB 3. Mobile artifact. (Amphora).
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MOB 6. Mobile artifacts. (Pitchers/
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MOB 7. Mobile artifacts. (Bronze la
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MOB 8. Mobile artifact. (Bronze can
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MOB 9. Mobile artifact. (Lead statu
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APPEDIX 2 TRASCRIPTIOS OF THE ORIGI
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[May 2, 1915]. English Translation.
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[3 maggio 1915]. Copia = L’anno m
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[15 maggio 1915]. R. SOPRITEDEZA AR
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[May 15, 1915]. English Translation
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These are the results of my mission
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Nel foglio M presento il disegno di
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I show on sheet M the drawing of on
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Circus Maximus, the other in the Ca
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Cic. Brut. 85: Memoria teneo Smyrna
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Myscellus, an Achaean by birth, wen
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311 ajgora;n para; tw`n Krotwviatw`
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Livy, 24.3.6: Magni igitur fructus
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Livy, 36.42.1-4: C. Livius praefect
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stabatque sibi non segnis achates /
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the former kings of Bithynia, thoug
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321 Plin. H 24.23.37: Spissarum uti
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of the emperor, so to contribute to
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325 The whole march from New Cartha
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Suet. Aug. 28: Urbem neque pro maie
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the territory of Thuria. And when t
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Verg. G. 3.219: Pascitur in magna S
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widely used in Byzantium made the l
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APPEDIX 5 ROMA QUARRY ISCRIPTIOS Ro
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• CAES(ura) followed by the name
show all

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