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2) The following inscription is found on the base of a second column shaft, also currently missing: 142 LOCTBPRI …….. VIC (to)RINO E SEVERO COS OFF .......... EPISCO. This inscription is reconstructed as: Loc(o) T(ertio?) B(racchio) Pri(mo) … Victorino et Severo Co(n)s(ulibus) Off(icina) ... (sub cura) Episco(pi). In translation: “A column shaft quarried in the third area of the first branch … in the year of the consuls Victorinus and Severus (A.D. 197), in the workshop of … under the supervision of Episcopus.” 3) On the base of a third column shaft, currently missing, is the following: 143 VECYACIN … EGNLO ….. PH .. LOCER SEC LAERANO (ETR)VFINO ……… These last two inscriptions are too incomplete to be interpreted, with the exception of the reference to the consuls Lateranus and Rufinus, which dates the inscription to A.D. 200. Paolo Orsi mentions “a few more inscriptions” on both column shafts and blocks, which he did not attempt to transcribe due to their poor preservation. 144 142 Orsi 1921, 495. 143 Orsi 1921, 495. 144 Orsi 1921, 495. 104
Marble Blocks At the time of its discovery, between 1908 and 1915, the Punta Scifo A shipwreck seems to have had on board no fewer than 14 marble blocks (Table 11), from the Proconnesian and Docimian quarries in Asia Minor (modern Turkey). At present, four of these blocks are still on the seafloor, five can be seen in the roundabout of Caputi Square in Croton, and four are located in Corazzo, for a total of 13 blocks. The single missing item, BLC 14, was lost in the waters next to the dock while it was being offloaded in 1915. Presumably, it was never recovered, due to its excessive weight (22 tons according to Paolo Orsi) and size (3.95 x 2.5 x 0.84 m), which almost capsized Forcellini’s pontoon. 145 In 2006, D. Marino reminded me that there is reportedly one large marble block from Punta Scifo A still visible under water among the large boulders of the new dock in Croton’s harbor, and it is possible that more ancient material is buried in this area. 146 A series of dives inside the harbor basin, at the base of the new dock, could resolve this question. Thanks to Orsi’s detailed measurements, it would likely not be difficult to determine whether any of the submerged artifacts are included in Orsi’s catalog. Table 11 provides a synopsis of the length, width, thickness, and tonnage of each marble block, both in meters and Roman feet. It is noteworthy that the heaviest members are those that were left under water in 1915, and that BLC 13 (20.45 tons) ranks first among them, giving some indication of the trouble the Forcellinis experienced in dealing 145 Orsi 1921, 493. According to my own calculations, the block, given its dimensions, should have weighed 21.26 metric tons or 23.43 English tons. This suggests that Paolo Orsi and the Engineer Forcellini were using the metric system at the time to calculate weight, and not the Imperial system. 146 Marino 2006, personal communication. 105
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MARBLE TRASPORT I THE TIME OF THE S
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ABSTRACT Marble Tranport in the Tim
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To Cesare and Gabriella Bartoli, fo
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I am deeply indebted to Dr. Deborah
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Artifacts: ABA Attic base BLC Block
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Page The 2006 Mapping Season.......
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Southern I
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Page Figure 29 Three-dimensional di
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Coordinates
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CHAPTER I ITRODUCTIO The research t
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to Tarentum. After locating these a
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the Peloponnese, which sailors had
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Calabria is 240 km long and reaches
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It is, therefore, easy to understan
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territory. These peaks would also h
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The relevance of the mountains gain
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Pseudo-Scylax, an anonymous geograp
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the castle but the sea around the i
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happens in the city of Egripos (mod
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e trusted. 41 Their legends explain
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Croton who discovered three of the
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or, thereafter, Roman Copia, flouri
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The Scirocco Wind and the Final Mom
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(Drawing: D. Bartoli).
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ancient settlements and ports locat
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The Punta Scifo A Shipwreck and Its
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Roman inscriptions on two of the th
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marble table, along with fragments
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and curiously some of the blocks an
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Fig. 20. The catamaran Juno at work
Page 71: The rocky spots close to the coastl
Page 74 and 75: Fig. 23. The launch used to reach t
Page 76: Results of the Studies The Punta Sc
Page 79 and 80: Item # Block/Slab Length (m) Table
Page 81 and 82: Item # Block/Slab Length (m) Table
Page 83: cargo was probably intended to prov
Page 86 and 87: of which was capped at 100 denarii
Page 88 and 89: Table 5. (continued). Tons Volume (
Page 90 and 91: Based on the available data, the ca
Page 92: CHAPTER III THE PUTA SCIFO A (“PA
Page 95 and 96: five more labra, two pedestals, and
Page 97 and 98: A small portion of the bottom of th
Page 99 and 100: ecovery efforts at the beginning of
Page 101 and 102: Table 7. Catalog of marble artifact
Page 103 and 104: Table 7 (continued). Current Locati
Page 111 and 112: Column Shafts The Marble Elements f
Page 113 and 114: shafts quarried throughout the Roma
Page 115 and 116: superimposed columns is the basilic
Page 117 and 118: to their diameters. 126 As is shown
Page 119 and 120: This has been interpreted as: Loc(o
Page 121: administrative center in Synnada, b
Page 125 and 126: pavonazzetto have squared or rectan
Page 127 and 128: Marble Basins (Labra) on-Architectu
Page 129 and 130: Table 12 shows the dimensions, both
Page 132 and 133: Pedestals Decorated with Lions’ P
Page 134 and 135: Table 13. Dimensions of the marble
Page 136 and 137: Stands Decorated with Lions’ Paws
Page 138: Fig. 37. Greek relief of the sixth
Page 142 and 143: Statue Pedestal # Table 17 (continu
Page 144: Fig. 43. Marks left from a statue
Page 147 and 148: trapezophoros, a vertical support f
Page 149 and 150: Fig. 45. (a) To the left a statue o
Page 151 and 152: In Sicily, A. J. Parker and D. M. S
Page 153 and 154: Bronze Ladles, Candelabrum, Lead De
Page 155 and 156: Conclusions Like all ancient shipwr
Page 157 and 158: CHAPTER IV THE PUTA SCIFO A SHIPWRE
Page 159 and 160: Empire’s most prominent cities. T
Page 161 and 162: Eastern materials with the modesty
Page 163 and 164: its ruling families could be preser
Page 165 and 166: concentrated his efforts on the eff
Page 167 and 168: vast quantities of marble, and Rome
Page 169 and 170: to open new quarries, hoping the in
Page 171 and 172: Palatine, and the Thermae Antoninia
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The Punta Scifo A shipwreck adds in
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157 made them white elephants; too
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oard among amphoras, kitchen cerami
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Table 18 (continued). Publication T
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Table 18 (continued). Publication T
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Table 20. Percentages of shipwrecke
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Table 22. Tonnage of known marble c
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with the major state-owned producti
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One characteristic that sets Procon
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175 Synnadic, or Phrygian, which re
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Sangarius River is at present a lit
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CHAPTER V SUMMARY AD FIAL COCLUSIOS
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uilding project, lead me to propose
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WORKS CITED Adam, R. 1990. Classica
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edited by M. Waelkens and Norman He
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Corcoran, S., and J. DeLaine. "The
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_______. 1989b. Cavum Antrum Phrygi
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___________. 1992. "Exportation of
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_________ and S. Festuccia. 1995. "
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Peacock, D. P. S., and D. F. Willia
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Richter, G.M.A. 1966. "The Furnitur
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Spagnoli, E. 2002. "Bolli in Piombo
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White, K.D. 1984. Greek and Roman T
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LAB 3. Labrum. Present location: Ar
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LAB 5. Labrum. Present location: Na
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LAB 7. Labrum. Present location: Ca
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211
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213
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215
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HPL 5. High pedestal stand with lio
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MPL 1. Medium pedestal stand with l
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MPL 2. Medium pedestal stand with l
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LPL 1. Low pedestal stand with lion
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LPL 2. Low pedestal stand with lion
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COL 1. Column shaft. Present locati
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COL 3B. Column shaft, fragment. Pre
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COL 3B COL 4 COL 3C 233
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STP 2. Statue Pedestal. Present loc
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241
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245
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249
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BLC 4. Block. Present location: Cap
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BLC 6. Block. Present location: Las
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BLC 8 Present location: Corazzo Des
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BLC 10. Block. Present location: Se
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BLC 12. Block. Present location: Se
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STA 1. Statuette of Eros and Psyche
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SLB 1. Marble slab. Present locatio
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ABA 2. Attic Base. Present location
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267
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ABA 5. Attic Base. Present location
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ICA 2. Ionic Capital. Present locat
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MOB 1. Mobile artifacts. (Coticulae
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MOB 3. Mobile artifact. (Amphora).
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MOB 6. Mobile artifacts. (Pitchers/
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MOB 7. Mobile artifacts. (Bronze la
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MOB 8. Mobile artifact. (Bronze can
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MOB 9. Mobile artifact. (Lead statu
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APPEDIX 2 TRASCRIPTIOS OF THE ORIGI
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[May 2, 1915]. English Translation.
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[3 maggio 1915]. Copia = L’anno m
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[15 maggio 1915]. R. SOPRITEDEZA AR
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[May 15, 1915]. English Translation
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These are the results of my mission
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Nel foglio M presento il disegno di
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I show on sheet M the drawing of on
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Circus Maximus, the other in the Ca
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Cic. Brut. 85: Memoria teneo Smyrna
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Myscellus, an Achaean by birth, wen
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311 ajgora;n para; tw`n Krotwviatw`
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Livy, 24.3.6: Magni igitur fructus
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Livy, 36.42.1-4: C. Livius praefect
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stabatque sibi non segnis achates /
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the former kings of Bithynia, thoug
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321 Plin. H 24.23.37: Spissarum uti
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of the emperor, so to contribute to
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325 The whole march from New Cartha
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Suet. Aug. 28: Urbem neque pro maie
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the territory of Thuria. And when t
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Verg. G. 3.219: Pascitur in magna S
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widely used in Byzantium made the l
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APPEDIX 5 ROMA QUARRY ISCRIPTIOS Ro
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• CAES(ura) followed by the name
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