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Fig. 29. Three-dimensional digital rendering of part of the largest marble elements from Punta Scifo A. Their disposition gives a hull ca. 30 m long and 10 m wide. (Image: D. Bartoli). 78
A small portion of the bottom of the hull, 3 x 3 m, was found in 1983. 109 The remains were described as “exceptionally strong, with 8 cm-thick planking and two rows of wedges [tenons] alternating and fixed by wooden pegs.” 110 The two rows of mortise- and-tenon joints indicate that the merchantman, in order to carry its marble cargo, was heavily built. The two rows of fasteners would have produced a stronger hull, and minimized movement and distortion of the hull. The ship might also have been double- planked, even if it is impossible to be certain without observing the keel, which should have been double-rabbeted in order to fit the two rows of planks. 111 Without further evidence it is also difficult to say if the Punta Scifo A marble carrier was a sailing ship or a large barge that, for safety reasons, was towed behind another vessel. It is a safe guess that it was mostly undecked to facilitate the loading and unloading of the column shafts and blocks. Small living areas were probably located at the bow and at the stern where, according to Freschi’s data, a galley existed. The Punta Scifo A shipwreck was carrying, according to Pensabene’s and my own visual analyses, a mixed cargo of the most expensive and cheapest varieties of marble used in the Imperial age: pavonazzetto from Docimium, and Proconnesian from the eponymous island in the Sea of Marmara. From Diocletian’s Edict on Maximum Prices, enacted in A.D. 301, it is known that pavonazzetto was one of the most expensive marbles of the 109 Lattanzi 1984a, 574-5. 110 Lattanzi 1984a, 574; Lattanzi 1984c, 11. 111 The Madrague de Giens shipwreck, sunk in southern France in the middle of the first century B.C. with ca. 400 tons of cargo, provides a well-known example of a double-planked hull. See: Steffy 1994, 62-5. Actual remains of a marble carrier with a double-planked hull have been found at Mahdia (Höckmann 1994, 61). The only other marble carrier of which hull remains are preserved, the Torre Sgarrata shipwreck, had planks joined with one single layer of mortise-and-tenon joints. Two small fragments of wood, suspected to be the ship's keel, were poorly preserved; there is no enough information available to determine if they were double-rabbeted. (Throckmorton 1989, 265; Antonelli 2002, 77). 79
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MARBLE TRASPORT I THE TIME OF THE S
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ABSTRACT Marble Tranport in the Tim
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To Cesare and Gabriella Bartoli, fo
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I am deeply indebted to Dr. Deborah
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Artifacts: ABA Attic base BLC Block
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Page The 2006 Mapping Season.......
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Southern I
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Page Figure 29 Three-dimensional di
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Coordinates
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CHAPTER I ITRODUCTIO The research t
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to Tarentum. After locating these a
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the Peloponnese, which sailors had
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Calabria is 240 km long and reaches
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It is, therefore, easy to understan
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territory. These peaks would also h
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The relevance of the mountains gain
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Pseudo-Scylax, an anonymous geograp
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the castle but the sea around the i
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happens in the city of Egripos (mod
Page 46 and 47: e trusted. 41 Their legends explain
Page 48 and 49: Croton who discovered three of the
Page 50: or, thereafter, Roman Copia, flouri
Page 54 and 55: The Scirocco Wind and the Final Mom
Page 56 and 57: (Drawing: D. Bartoli).
Page 58 and 59: ancient settlements and ports locat
Page 60 and 61: The Punta Scifo A Shipwreck and Its
Page 62 and 63: Roman inscriptions on two of the th
Page 64 and 65: marble table, along with fragments
Page 66 and 67: and curiously some of the blocks an
Page 69 and 70: Fig. 20. The catamaran Juno at work
Page 71: The rocky spots close to the coastl
Page 74 and 75: Fig. 23. The launch used to reach t
Page 76: Results of the Studies The Punta Sc
Page 79 and 80: Item # Block/Slab Length (m) Table
Page 81 and 82: Item # Block/Slab Length (m) Table
Page 83: cargo was probably intended to prov
Page 86 and 87: of which was capped at 100 denarii
Page 88 and 89: Table 5. (continued). Tons Volume (
Page 90 and 91: Based on the available data, the ca
Page 92: CHAPTER III THE PUTA SCIFO A (“PA
Page 95: five more labra, two pedestals, and
Page 99 and 100: ecovery efforts at the beginning of
Page 101 and 102: Table 7. Catalog of marble artifact
Page 103 and 104: Table 7 (continued). Current Locati
Page 111 and 112: Column Shafts The Marble Elements f
Page 113 and 114: shafts quarried throughout the Roma
Page 115 and 116: superimposed columns is the basilic
Page 117 and 118: to their diameters. 126 As is shown
Page 119 and 120: This has been interpreted as: Loc(o
Page 121 and 122: administrative center in Synnada, b
Page 123 and 124: Marble Blocks At the time of its di
Page 125 and 126: pavonazzetto have squared or rectan
Page 127 and 128: Marble Basins (Labra) on-Architectu
Page 129 and 130: Table 12 shows the dimensions, both
Page 132 and 133: Pedestals Decorated with Lions’ P
Page 134 and 135: Table 13. Dimensions of the marble
Page 136 and 137: Stands Decorated with Lions’ Paws
Page 138: Fig. 37. Greek relief of the sixth
Page 142 and 143: Statue Pedestal # Table 17 (continu
Page 144: Fig. 43. Marks left from a statue
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trapezophoros, a vertical support f
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Fig. 45. (a) To the left a statue o
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In Sicily, A. J. Parker and D. M. S
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Bronze Ladles, Candelabrum, Lead De
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Conclusions Like all ancient shipwr
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CHAPTER IV THE PUTA SCIFO A SHIPWRE
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Empire’s most prominent cities. T
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Eastern materials with the modesty
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its ruling families could be preser
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concentrated his efforts on the eff
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vast quantities of marble, and Rome
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to open new quarries, hoping the in
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Palatine, and the Thermae Antoninia
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The Punta Scifo A shipwreck adds in
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157 made them white elephants; too
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oard among amphoras, kitchen cerami
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Table 18 (continued). Publication T
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Table 18 (continued). Publication T
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Table 20. Percentages of shipwrecke
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Table 22. Tonnage of known marble c
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with the major state-owned producti
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One characteristic that sets Procon
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175 Synnadic, or Phrygian, which re
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Sangarius River is at present a lit
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CHAPTER V SUMMARY AD FIAL COCLUSIOS
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uilding project, lead me to propose
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WORKS CITED Adam, R. 1990. Classica
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edited by M. Waelkens and Norman He
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Corcoran, S., and J. DeLaine. "The
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_______. 1989b. Cavum Antrum Phrygi
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___________. 1992. "Exportation of
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_________ and S. Festuccia. 1995. "
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Peacock, D. P. S., and D. F. Willia
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Richter, G.M.A. 1966. "The Furnitur
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Spagnoli, E. 2002. "Bolli in Piombo
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White, K.D. 1984. Greek and Roman T
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LAB 3. Labrum. Present location: Ar
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LAB 5. Labrum. Present location: Na
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LAB 7. Labrum. Present location: Ca
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211
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213
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215
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HPL 5. High pedestal stand with lio
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MPL 1. Medium pedestal stand with l
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MPL 2. Medium pedestal stand with l
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LPL 1. Low pedestal stand with lion
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LPL 2. Low pedestal stand with lion
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COL 1. Column shaft. Present locati
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COL 3B. Column shaft, fragment. Pre
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COL 3B COL 4 COL 3C 233
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STP 2. Statue Pedestal. Present loc
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241
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245
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249
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BLC 4. Block. Present location: Cap
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BLC 6. Block. Present location: Las
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BLC 8 Present location: Corazzo Des
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BLC 10. Block. Present location: Se
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BLC 12. Block. Present location: Se
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STA 1. Statuette of Eros and Psyche
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SLB 1. Marble slab. Present locatio
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ABA 2. Attic Base. Present location
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267
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ABA 5. Attic Base. Present location
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ICA 2. Ionic Capital. Present locat
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MOB 1. Mobile artifacts. (Coticulae
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MOB 3. Mobile artifact. (Amphora).
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MOB 6. Mobile artifacts. (Pitchers/
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MOB 7. Mobile artifacts. (Bronze la
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MOB 8. Mobile artifact. (Bronze can
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MOB 9. Mobile artifact. (Lead statu
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APPEDIX 2 TRASCRIPTIOS OF THE ORIGI
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[May 2, 1915]. English Translation.
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[3 maggio 1915]. Copia = L’anno m
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[15 maggio 1915]. R. SOPRITEDEZA AR
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[May 15, 1915]. English Translation
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These are the results of my mission
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Nel foglio M presento il disegno di
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I show on sheet M the drawing of on
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Circus Maximus, the other in the Ca
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Cic. Brut. 85: Memoria teneo Smyrna
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Myscellus, an Achaean by birth, wen
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311 ajgora;n para; tw`n Krotwviatw`
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Livy, 24.3.6: Magni igitur fructus
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Livy, 36.42.1-4: C. Livius praefect
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stabatque sibi non segnis achates /
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the former kings of Bithynia, thoug
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321 Plin. H 24.23.37: Spissarum uti
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of the emperor, so to contribute to
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325 The whole march from New Cartha
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Suet. Aug. 28: Urbem neque pro maie
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the territory of Thuria. And when t
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Verg. G. 3.219: Pascitur in magna S
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widely used in Byzantium made the l
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APPEDIX 5 ROMA QUARRY ISCRIPTIOS Ro
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• CAES(ura) followed by the name
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