FILSAFAT KORUPSI - Direktori File UPI

Students will be required to write a short paper of about 10 pages (double-spaced), either
individually or with a partner, on the problems of corruption within a chosen developing
country or region and propose national or international policy options, based on a
personal analysis.
SCHEDULE
Session 1: Theories about Corruption and Development
This session will consider definitions of corruption, the various types of corruption
identified in the literature (political, administrative, financial, etc.), and specific activities
associated with corruption. It will review some common theories about the impact of
corruption on development. On the one hand, corruption can be seen as introducing
market-type mechanisms into monopolistic situations, as furthering political integration
through political patronage, and as an efficient means of navigating bureaucracies
overburdened by rules. On the other, corruption itself has efficiency costs due to waste
and misallocation of resources, favours the rich at the expense of the poor, misplaces
incentives to maximize rent-seeking behaviour, and ultimately leads to overall political
and social alienation and instability. Further, there is an emerging consensus that
corruption thrives in situations where there is monopoly and discretion without
accountability.
Readings
Klitgaard, Robert. Chapter 2: Objectives, in: Controlling Corruption, 1988.
Nye, J.S. Corruption and Political Development: A Cost-Benefit Analysis, in: A.
J. Heidenheimer, et al., Political Corruption: A Handbook, 1967.
Session 2: The Impact of Corruption on the Rule of Law
This session will examine how corruption undermines the rule of law. In states
weakened by rapid political and economic transitions or experiencing instability due to
conflict or social unrest, corruption can replace state authority, resulting in "rule
evasion" and lawlessness. Under such circumstances, corruption can easily become
linked to organized crime, leading to a disintegration of the state itself in extreme cases.
In overbearing states, the state itself can become an instrument of oppression, limiting
fair access to public goods and services. Without a separation of powers to restrain the
potential abuse of state power, the executive power risks becoming an instrument for
furthering private interests rather than the public interest. In either scenario, in the
absence of protected property rights, enforced contractual obligations, and fair
regulations, corruption deters investment and - ultimately - economic growth. Moreover,
corruption violates public trust, eroding confidence in public institutions and corroding
social capital.
Readings
170