FILSAFAT KORUPSI - Direktori File UPI

More documents

Recommendations

Info

violation; but it is also corrupting the political and judicial processes. Suatu pembedaan penting mengenai ini, adalah pembedaan antar[a] pelanggaran hak azasi manusia dan korupsi. Genocide adalah suatu moral dalam bersalah [kepada]; tetapi [itu] bukanlah korupsi. Ini adalah bukan untuk [tidak/jangan] kata[kan bahwa ada suatu hubungan penting antar[a] pelanggaran hak azasi manusia dan korupsi; sebaliknya, ada sering suatu dekat dan satu sama lain menguatkan nexus antar[a] [mereka/nya] ( Pearson 2001). Pertimbangkan korupsi yang endemic dan penyalahgunaan hak azasi manusia besar-besaran yang sudah berlangsung rejim otoriter, seperti yang Idi Amin di (dalam) Uganda dan itu Suharto di (dalam) Indonesia. Dan di sana sedang meningkat(kan) keterangan empires dari suatu hubungan sebab-akibat terus terang kompleks antar[a] korupsi dan pelanggaran [hak/ kebenaran] penghidupan; ada bukti, yang [itu] adalah, tentang suatu hubungan menyebabkan antar[a] korupsi dan kemiskinan. Tentu saja, beberapa hak azasi manusia pelanggaran adalah juga bertindak korupsi. Sebagai contoh, salah dan secara tak syah incarcerating lawan seseorang politis adalah suatu pelanggaran hak azasi manusia; tetapi ini juga merusak proses hal tentang pengadilan dan yang politis. Thus far, examples of different types of corrupt action have been presented, and corrupt actions have been distinguished from some other types of immoral action. However, the class of corrupt actions has not been adequately demarcated within the more general class of immoral actions. To do so, a definition of corrupt actions is needed, specifically for actions of corrupt institutions (Miller 2001, ch. 6). To this task we now turn. Sampai sekarang, contoh dari jenis yang berbeda jahat tindakan telah diperkenalkan, dan jahat tindakan telah dibedakan dari beberapa lain jenis tindakan mesum. Bagaimanapun, kelas jahat tindakan belum cukup membuat garis demarkasi di dalam kelas [yang] [yang] umum [dari;ttg] tindakan mesum. Untuk melakukannya, suatu definisi tindakan jahat diperlukan, terutama untuk tindakan institusi jahat ( Tukang giling 2001, ch. 6). Pada tugas ini [yang] kita sekarang memutar. 2. Institutional Corruption We begin with five hypotheses concerning institutional corruption before providing a summary of the concept. Kita mulai dengan lima hipotesis mengenai korupsi kelembagaan [sebelum/di depan] menyediakan suatu ringkasan konsep [itu]. 2.1 Five Hypotheses Concerning the Concept of Institutional Corruption First Hypothesis: The Personal Character of Corruption Persons are relevantly involved in all corruption, and in institutional corruption in particular. Let us assume that there are at least two general forms of corruption, namely institutional corruption and non-institutional personal corruption. [12] Non-institutional personal corruption is corruption of persons outside institutional settings. Such corruption pertains to the moral character of persons, and consists in the despoiling of their moral character. If an action has a corrupting effect on a person's character, it will typically be corrosive of one or more of a person's virtues. These virtues might be virtues that attach to the person qua human being, e.g. the virtues of compassion and fairness in one's dealings with other human beings. Alternatively — or in some cases, additionally — these virtues might attach to persons qua occupants of specific institutional roles, e.g. impartiality in a judge or objectivity in a journalist. Para orang secara relevan dilibatkan dalam semua korupsi, dan di (dalam) korupsi kelembagaan khususnya. Mari kita berasumsi bahwa ada sedikitnya dua format korupsi umum, korupsi yakni kelembagaan dan corruption.[12 8
pribadi tidak kelembagaan] Korupsi pribadi tidak kelembagaan adalah korupsi para orang peraturan baku (di) luar. . seperti (itu) korupsi menyinggung kepada karakter moral para orang, dan terkandung dalam rampasan [dari;ttg] karakter moral mereka. Jika suatu tindakan mempunyai suatu merusak efek pada [atas] karakter seseorang, [itu] akan secara khas jadilah bersifat menghancurkan untuk satu atau lebih kebaikan seseorang. Kebaikan ini boleh jadi kebaikan yang menyertakan kepada orang sebagai manusia, e.g. kebaikan rasa kasihan dan kewajaran di (dalam) seseorang berhadapan dengan lain manusia. [Yang] sebagai alternatif- atau dalam beberapa hal, apalagi- kebaikan ini mungkin menyertakan ke para orang sebagai penghuni [dari;ttg] peran kelembagaan spesifik, e.g. kenetralan di (dalam) suatu [hakim/wasit] atau obyektifitas di (dalam) suatu wartawan. Our concern here is only with institutional corruption. Nevertheless, it is plausible that corruption in general, including institutional corruption, typically involves the despoiling of the moral character of persons and in particular, in the case of institutional corruption, the despoiling of the moral character of institutional role occupants qua institutional role occupants. To this extent institutional corruption involves personal corruption.Note that personal corruption, i.e., being corrupted, is not the same thing as performing a corrupt action, i.e., being a corruptor. Typically, corruptors are corrupted, but this is not necessarily the case. Note also that corruptors are not simply persons who perform actions that corrupt, they are also morally responsible for this corruption. (As we shall see, there is one important category of corruptors which is an exception to this, namely corruptors who are not morally responsible for being corrupted, yet whose actions are both an expression of their corrupt characters and also have a corrupting effect.) The precise nature of corruptors and their relationship to the corrupted is discussed in more detail below. Di sini Perhatian [kita/kami] hanya dengan korupsi kelembagaan. Meskipun demikian, [itu] adalah masuk akal yang korupsi secara umum, mencakup korupsi kelembagaan, [yang] secara khas melibatkan rampasan karakter moral para orang dan khususnya, di (dalam) kasus [dari;ttg] korupsi kelembagaan, rampasan karakter moral [dari;ttg] penghuni peran kelembagaan sebagai penghuni peran kelembagaan. Pada luas korupsi kelembagaan ini melibatkan corruption.Note pribadi yang korupsi pribadi, yaitu., dirusak, bukanlah hal yang sama [seperti/ketika] melakukan/menyelenggarakan suatu tindakan jahat, yaitu., menjadi koruptor. [Yang] secara khas, koruptor dirusak, tetapi ini adalah tidak harus kasus [itu]. Catatan juga koruptor itu bukan sekedar para orang [siapa] yang melaksanakan tindakan yang merusak, mereka adalah juga [yang] bertanggung jawab untuk korupsi ini. ( Seperti akan kita lihat, ada satu kategori koruptor [yang] penting [yang] yang mana [adalah] suatu perkecualian pada ini, yakni koruptor [siapa] yang tidaklah [yang] bertanggung jawab untuk dirusak, namun tindakan siapa adalah kedua-duanya suatu ungkapan [dari;ttg] karakter jahat mereka dan juga mempunyai suatu merusak efek.) Alam[I] koruptor yang tepat dan hubungan mereka kepada yang dirusak dibahas secara lebih detil di bawah. Note also in relation to personal corruption that there is a distinction to be made between possession of a virtue and possession of a disposition to behave in certain ways. Virtues consist in part in dispositions, but are not wholly constituted by dispositions. A compassionate person, for example, is disposed to help people. But such a person also experiences certain emotional states, and understands other people in a certain light; compassion involves non-dispositional states. Moreover, a compassionate person has actually performed compassionate acts; he or she is not simply disposed to do so. Accordingly, while personal corruption may consist in part in the development or suppression of certain dispositions, e.g., in developing the disposition to accept bribes or in suppressing the disposition to refuse them, the development or suppression of such 9
Page 1 and 2: FILSAFAT KORUPSI Kata "korupsi" dat
Page 3 and 4: o 2.1 Five Hypotheses Concerning th
Page 5 and 6: justified by recourse to some princ
Page 7: We can conclude that the various cu
Page 11 and 12: er;ubah, [bukan/tidak] hakim, maupu
Page 13 and 14: suatu courtroom [yang] menentukan d
Page 15 and 16: pelatihan dewan pejabat pemberlaku
Page 17 and 18: and compromised in a corrupt and in
Page 19 and 20: corruptor (as we have defined corru
Page 21 and 22: to, a large corporation who steal f
Page 23 and 24: including the moral characters of t
Page 25 and 26: disibukkan dengan suatu tindakan ko
Page 27 and 28: penawaran dengan demikian digangsir
Page 29 and 30: corruption — although it might se
Page 31 and 32: yang ia percaya untuk;menjadi [hak/
Page 33 and 34: Abed, George T. and Sanjeev Gupta (
Page 35 and 36: case they would occasionally make e
Page 37 and 38: analogies lead to bad conclusions,
Page 39 and 40: Ini adalah tembolok Google' untuk h
Page 41 and 42: Indicates the frequency of attempts
Page 43 and 44: Population Public officials . Not e
Page 45 and 46: 4. Corruption expectations Populati
Page 47 and 48: . that it is a successful practice
Page 49 and 50: as corruption within international
Page 51 and 52: wrath is seen as directed at our ow
Page 53 and 54: Publisher: Prentice Hall Copyright:
Page 55 and 56: studies, for example, Watergate. In
Page 57 and 58: Corruption is widely recognised to
Page 59 and 60:
Developing Cultural Criminology: Th
Page 61 and 62:
Paradigms of Power & Persuasion, 1-
Page 63 and 64:
phenomenon, is it not plausible tha
Page 65 and 66:
Definition of Institutional Corrupt
Page 67 and 68:
The third and final thesis to be di
Page 69 and 70:
A final point about social groups.
Page 71 and 72:
espect of the moral weight to be at
Page 73 and 74:
institutional actor in this setting
Page 75 and 76:
elationship can be overcome or even
Page 77 and 78:
Related research VI Page 1 The Role
Page 79 and 80:
esources are embezzled from the sec
Page 81 and 82:
sentiments and when the rule of sys
Page 83 and 84:
Publishing Press, Bucharest 1994 (I
Page 85 and 86:
monitor it) and in a context in whi
Page 87 and 88:
5 capital have received considerabl
Page 89 and 90:
Page 7 7 A first is reputation-base
Page 91 and 92:
trustworthiness. Trustworthy behavi
Page 93 and 94:
trustworthiness. However, B‘s beh
Page 95 and 96:
that children feel as a result of p
Page 97 and 98:
Page 16 16 belief that others are a
Page 99 and 100:
18 may demand payoffs in return for
Page 101 and 102:
Firms pay bribes to obtain certaint
Page 103 and 104:
conflicts of interest have not been
Page 105 and 106:
of social capital (Putnam, 2000). P
Page 107 and 108:
such activities, the government sup
Page 109 and 110:
countries in the region. 32 29 More
Page 111 and 112:
Communist countries (Inglehart and
Page 113 and 114:
113 gov-ernment, and tests the hypo
Page 115 and 116:
115 Page 6 the data, and empiricall
Page 117 and 118:
tion nets the defector a maximum on
Page 119 and 120:
viduals having a direct “trade”
Page 121 and 122:
R 2 − c + K(u + z) + δ 1 − δ
Page 123 and 124:
in internal disputes. 9 These examp
Page 125 and 126:
Indian politicians often intervene
Page 127 and 128:
Propositions 1 and 2 showed how soc
Page 129 and 130:
are members of different networks,
Page 131 and 132:
In India, as we have seen, transfer
Page 133 and 134:
29 7 Empirical Analysis The Data on
Page 135 and 136:
135 theories might explain why soci
Page 137 and 138:
137 edastic-consisten t t-statistic
Page 139 and 140:
139 erage of log of n um b er of co
Page 141 and 142:
There is strikingly little literatu
Page 143 and 144:
Underdevelopment (The dotted lines
Page 145 and 146:
eform and industrial policy. The su
Page 147 and 148:
147 from his position as vice-presi
Page 149 and 150:
no incentive to refrain from corrup
Page 151 and 152:
children‘s schoolteacher, when yo
Page 153 and 154:
international donor organizations p
Page 155 and 156:
19th Century Sweden - how corruptio
Page 157 and 158:
civil servant to receive income fro
Page 159 and 160:
159 The first is that "agents are n
Page 161 and 162:
161 Science Assocition. Rothstein,
Page 163 and 164:
163 gifts and tributes between loca
Page 165 and 166:
165 corrupt acts in society. Global
Page 167 and 168:
167 bring together the media, polit
Page 169 and 170:
Transparency International, Corrupt
Page 171 and 172:
Rutland, Peter and Natasha Kogan. C
Page 173 and 174:
Courts: a Governance-based Approach
Page 175 and 176:
indicators. Yet, it is always possi
Page 177 and 178:
(judges, lawyers, and firms). The S
Page 179 and 180:
same kind of administrative and pro
Page 181 and 182:
at a low expected cost and, therefo
Page 183 and 184:
Impact of Reforms on the Reports of
Page 185 and 186:
0.192 0.00 REAL INCOME -0.810 -0.58
Page 187 and 188:
community-based institutions in Per
Page 189 and 190:
Berikut ini adalah versi HTML dari
Page 191 and 192:
191 2)Even the institutional reform
Page 193 and 194:
UNDERPRIVILEGED IN LATIN AMERICA (U
Page 195 and 196:
20) PATRICK GLYNN , STEPHEN J. KOBR
Page 197 and 198:
connected with a broader sense of f
Page 199 and 200:
trade liberalization; (6) liberaliz
Page 201 and 202:
president the power to enact decree
Page 203 and 204:
that create deprivation face little
Page 205:
The debate about the composition of
show all

FILSAFAT KORUPSI - Direktori File UPI

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?