10. Appendix

704 Appendix D
nection with Fig. 6.44. The effects of the zero –point vibrations (i.e. at T 0)
can be found for many semiconductors in TABLE III of the article by Thewalt
and Cardona mentioned in the additional references of Chap. 2.
Note that with increasing temperature energy gaps usually (but not always:
see PbS) decrease. Some additional references were already given for Chap. 2.
We add a few more:
R. Ramírez, C. P. Herrero: Path Integral Molecular Dynamics Simulation of
Diamond. Phys. Rev. B73, 245202/1–8 (2006).
H. J. Liang, A. Yang, M. L. W. Thewalt, R. Lauck and M. Cardona: Effect
of Sulfur Isotopic Composition on the Band Gap of PbS. Phys. Rev. B73,
233202/1–4 (2006).
S. Tsoi, H. Alawadhi, X. Lu, J. W. Ager III, C. Y. Liao, H. Riemann, E. E.
Haller, S. Rodríguez and A. K. Ramdas: Electron-Phonon Renormalization
of the Electronic Band Gap of Semiconductors: Isotopically Enriched Silicon:
Phys. Rev. B70, 193201/1–4 (2004); erratum: Phys. Rev. B72, 249905
(2005).
M. Cardona, T. A. Meyer, and M. L. W. Thewalt: Temperature Dependence of
the Energy Gap of Semiconductors in the Low-Temperature Limit. Phys.
Rev. Letters 92, 196403–196406 (2004).
D. Olguín, M. Cardona and A. Cantarero: Electron-Phonon Effects on the
Direct Band Gap of Semiconductors: LCAO calculation. Sol. State Comm.
122, 575–589 (2002)
Optical Properties of Semiconductor Mixed Crystals
Mixed Crystals or alloys have been mentioned in connection with Fig. 4.8.
Their energy gaps vary usually continuously from one end to the other of the
composition range. They are used by technologists for bandgap engineering
(see Fig. 9.2). The literature in the field has an old and distinguished history
(see Chap. 9). Recent work involves ab initio calculations of the so-called
“bowing” in the dependence of bandgaps on composition. A few recent references
are:
C. Mitra and W. R. L. Lambrecht: Band-Gap Bowing in AgGa(Se1xTex)2 and
its effect on second–order response coefficients and refractive indices. Phys.
Rev. B76, 205206/1–5 (2007).
V. R. D’Costa, C. S. Cook, J. Menéndez, J. Tolle, J. Kouvetakis and S. Zollner:
Transferability of bowing optical parameters between binary and ternary
group-IV alloys. Solid State Commun. 138, 309 (2006)
Z. H. Sun, W. S. Yan, H. Oyanagi, Z. Y. Pan, S. H. Wei: Local Lattice Distortion
of Ge-Dilute Ge-Si alloy: Multiple-Scattering EXAFS Study. Phys. Rev.
B74, 092101/1–4 (2006).