10. Appendix

Chapter 8 711
Strain Shift Coefficients in Si1xGex Alloys. J. Appl. Phys. 103, 093521/1–4
(2008).
General Reading
M. Cardona and G. Güntherodt (Eds.), Light Scattering in Solids VII: Crystal
Field and Magnetic Excitations, (Springer, Heidelberg, 2000).
M. Cardona and G. Güntherodt (Eds.), Light Scattering in Solids VIII:
Fullerenes, Semiconductor Surfaces, Coherent Phonons, (Springer, Heidelberg,
2000).
M. Cardona and R. Merlin (Eds.), Light Scattering in Solids IX: Novel Materials
and Techniques, (Springer, Heidelberg, 2007).
V.G. Plekhanov, Applications of the Isotopic Effect in Solids (Springer, Heidelberg,
2004).
Chapter 8
Photoelectron spectroscopy
During the past two decades the number of electron synchrotrons and storage
rings dedicated exclusively to applications of synchrotron radiation has
proliferated. Most of these applications involve condensed matter physics, especially
semiconductors. Most developed and a few developing countries (e.g.
Brazil) have either domestic synchrotrons or easy access to one in a neighboring
country. Their light and x-rays emission, once monochromatized, is particularly
suitable for photoelectron spectroscopy. Although Chapter 8 discusses
mostly bulk photoemission spectroscopy, a few pages are already devoted to
surface effects. During the past decade emphasis has shifted from bulk to surface
phenomena, a field in which ab initio electronic and vibronic calculations
have been very helpful. The availability of synchrotrons has also made possible
the development of a bulk-type spectroscopy in which electrons are resonantly
excited from a core level to a conduction band. X-rays of a lower
energy are then emitted through recombination of valence electrons with the
hole left behind in the core. The efficiency of this Raman-like spectroscopy
(called resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy) is rather limited and so is the
corresponding resolution. Nevertheless, it allows one to map out the full band
structures and even obtain information about their atomic and orbital compositions.
As already mention in the past editions of this book, scanning tunneling
microscopies and spectroscopies are useful techniques to elucidate surface
properties. Some recent references are listed below.
A. M. Frisch, W. G. Schmidt, J. Bernholc, M. Privstovsek, N. Esser, W. Richter:
(2×4) GaP(001) Surfaces: Atomic Structure and Optical Anisotropy. Phys.
Rev. B60, 2488–2494 (1999).