Part 2 - LA84 Foundation

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11. Competition Management by Sport 316 11.5 Canoeing Canoeing competition was held at the Han River Regatta Course located in Misari, Dongbu-up, Kwangju-gun, Kyonggi-do from September 26 to October 1, drawing 440 competitors from 32 countries. The canoeing competition was made up of 12 events, nine for men and three for women; 249 athletes from 31 countries competed in the men's nine events, and 72 athletes from 18 countries competed in women's three events. The competition was divided between Canadian canoe and kayak, and conducted on 500-meter and 1,000-meter courses. The kayak competition was divided into five for men and three events for women; The Canadian canoe competition was divided into four events for men only. The competition progressed from elimination heats and repechage to semifinals and finals. A total of 101 races included 33 preliminaries, 22 for repechage, 34 for semifinals, and 12 for finals. 11.5.1 Competition Preparations —————————————– Canoeing was introduced to Korea in the 1970s, but the sport did not begin to attract much attention until Seoul was awarded the right to stage the Olympics. Canoeing was the least popular spectator sport among the 27 sports of the Seoul Olympic Games. Canoeing is still unfamiliar to people in most Asian countries and the sport was not included in the Seoul Asian Games schedule. In the planning stage for the Seoul Olympics, the SLOOC focused its energy on the organization of a canoeists' association, the cultivation of specialized athletes and competition officials, and acquisition of key staff members in an effort to enhance competition managing capabilities. Embarking on the preparations for the Olympic Games, the SLOOC set out to gather basic data on canoeing competition and the data of past international competitions, while sending officials for overseas education, conducting training at home, and inviting foreign specialists to conduct training sessions. Under the IOC solidarity program, the secretary-general of the International Canoe Federation (ICF), chairman of the race subcommittee, and chairman of the technical subcommittee visited Korea three times between 1986 and 1987 to supervise education and training. Reflecting the systematic endeavors made by the SLOOC to cultivate operation personnel, six local officials' passed an international technical officials qualification test administered by the ICF in 1986. Five more obtained the qualification in 1987. For research and investigation, the SLOOC sent researchers to the 1983 Los Angeles pre-Olympics and Tokyo Olympics commemorative games, the 1984 Los Angeles Games, and the World Canoeing Championships, each year from 1985. Canoeing equipment, including 87 racing boats, were locally manufactured, in a move to lay the foundation for the growth of canoeing in the country. As part of the pre-Olympic activities, the SLOOC hosted the Seoul International Canoeing Competition in October 1987, and scrutinized operating capabilities with respect to the reception of VIPs, accreditation of canoeists, operation of the athletes' village, and the conduct of competitions and awards ceremonies. The Misari canoeing/rowing course by the Han River was completed in April 1986 prior to the 10th Asian Games; the course is equipped with training lanes. The racing course is 2,212 meters long, 140 meters wide, and three meters in depth, and is made up of six lanes for rowing and nine lanes for canoeing; the course totals 1,388,436 square meters, and is equipped with facilities able to accommodate 25,000 spectators, along with ample parking lots. The course is located 10.6 kilometers from the Olympic Village, and a fivestorey tower and two-storey building to house operations were also provided. Interim time measuring spots were installed at five locations to conduct and check the competition. The Canoeing Operations was organized in January 1988, and moved to the regatta course in March to begin on-site operation preparations. The Canoeing Operations consisted of six managers and 28 officers; the staff was comprised of six SLOOC officials, 91 support personnel, 242 volunteers and one temporary employee, totalling 340. In addition, 138 contract personnel assisted in the conduct of the competition. The competition officials commissioned by the ICF totalled 42, including 13 Koreans. The equipment and implements required for the competition management included 87 racing boats, 15 motor boats, scrutiny scales, lengthmeasuring rules, lane-width measuring devices, stopwatches, walkietalkies, starter guns, racing boat numbers, competitors' numbers, binoculars, and lead bags. The racing boats and most other equipment were manufactured in Korea, and timing equipment was rented from Swiss Timing. 11.5.2 Conduct of the Competition —————————————– Canoeing competition was held only when at least three boats took part in a race. When there were many boats participating in the races, the competition was conducted in elimination rounds, semifinals and finals. The maximum number of boats allowed to compete in a single race was nine. In order to adjust the number of boats to nine, the semifinals were conducted in three groups, and the first to third finishers qualified for the finals. Because each team was allowed to enter only one boat in each event, the maximum number of competitors each NOC could can enter the competition was 10 for the men's kayak, five for the women's kayak, and six for the Canadian canoe. The number of racing boats which entered in the competition included: 22 in the men's 500-meter kayak singles; 24 in the 500-meter kayak pairs' 21 in the 1,000-meter kayak singles; 25 in the 1,000-meter kayak pairs; and 18 in the 1,000-meter kayak fours. In the women's events, there were: 18 in the 500-meter kayak singles; 15 in the 500-meter kayak pairs; and 13 in the 500-meter kayak fours. As for the Canadian canoes (men only), there were: 19 in the 500-meter singles; 18 in 500-meter pairs; 17 in the 1,000meter singles; and 18 in the 1,000meter pairs. The countries which entered competitors in all 12 events were host Korea, Canada, the Federal Republic of Germany, Great Britain, the German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Poland, the U.S.S.R. and the United States. Although the host country entered canoeists in all the events, not one Korean competitor made it to the second elimination stage. Even in repechage, Korea trailed far behind, and failed to make to the final in a single event. East European nations dominated the races; the German Democratic Republic finished first in the medals table with three golds, four silvers and two bronzes; it was followed by the U.S.S.R., with three golds and three silvers; then it was Hungary, with two golds, one silver and one bronze. The United States captured two golds to place fourth. The number of entrance tickets issued came to 140,958, but sales stood at 63,836, recording a 45.9 percent sales rate. The ticket sales included 16,530 for general spectators, 29,162 for students, 16,285 for groups, and 1,859 for overseas ticket sales. Medal Tally by Country Country German Dem. Rep. U.S.S.R. Hungary U.S.A. Bulgaria New Zealand Poland Australia France Netherlands Total Gold 3 3 2 2 1 1 12 Silver 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 12 Bronze 2 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 12
20 19. Finish line of the Han River Regatta Course; 440 competitors took part in 12 different events. 20. Spectators watching the canoeing competition, which was sparsely attended due to Koreans' unfamiliarity with the sport. 19
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368 12. Torch Relay Olympic Torch R
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370 12. Torch Relay 5 12.2.2 Select
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380 12. Torch Relay 31. The torch i
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382 12. Torch Relay 33 Along the pa
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384 12. Torch Relay 38 12.5 Cultura
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386 12. Torch Relay 43. The Olympia
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16. Reception and Protocol 482 Diag
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16. Reception and Protocol 492 maps
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16. Reception and Protocol 494 Due
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The purpose of accreditation for th
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502 17. Accreditation 2. Issuance o
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504 17. Accreditation 3 The ID card
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506 17. Accreditation 5. Issuance o
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508 17. Accreditation Results of Op
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510 17. Accreditation 17.5 Operatio
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The accommodation services for the
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516 18. Accommodation 18.2.2 Touris
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518 18. Accommodation and good stat
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520 18. Accommodation sonnel, spons
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522 18. Accommodation Olympic Organ
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The Seoul Olympic Village was a wel
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530 19. Olympic Village 3. Park Seh
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532 19. Olympic Village Olympic Vil
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534 19. Olympic Village 8. Flag-rai
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Check-ins and Check-outs at the Oly
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Day — One BREAKFAST JUICE Orange
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Day — Three BREAKFAST JUICE Orang
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Day — Five BREAKFAST JUICE Orange
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21 20. Lunch boxes are packaged aft
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29 28 25. Hwa Sung Corporation ran
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Video/CATV Room This service offere
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34 35 33 36 33. Officials familiari
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19.9.4 Village Arts Festival ——
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570 19. Olympic Village 19.13 Revie
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The Press Village consisted of 36 a
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576 20. Press Village Guiding posts
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580 20. Press Village 20.5 Lodging
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582 20. Press Village Major Foods a
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584 20. Press Village 20.7 Amenitie
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586 20. Press Village Shopping Cent
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