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11. Competition Management by Sport 314 15 11.4 Boxing Boxing competition was held at the Chamshil Students' Gymnasium from September 17 to October 2, with the participation of 441 athletes and 159 officials from 106 countries. The participating boxers, the largest number in Olympic history, competed in a total of 427 bouts in 12 weight classes. Korea's Byun Jong-il lost his bantamweight bout to Hristov of Bulgaria in the second round, and the decision sparked an unruly protest by Korean officials. In the wake of the incident, Referee Walker resigned as an IF official, while defeated boxer Byun, who refused to leave the ring for more than an hour, and four Korean officials were disqualified for two years by the Association Internationale de Boxe Amateur (AIBA); the Korean Boxing Association was deprived of the right to stage international boxing events for one year. The light middleweight final between Korea's Park Shi-hun and the U.S.A's Roy Jones also caused controversy over what was alleged to be an unfair decision that gave Park the gold medal. The preliminary round middleweight bout between Korea's Ha Jong-ho and the U.S.A.'s Hembrick, scheduled for September 19, was also a subject of controversy when the American competitor was disqualified for arriving too late to box. 11.4.1 Competition Preparations —————————————– On request from the NBC, which had the television rights for the North American region, the SLOOC, in consultation with the AIBA, scheduled the boxing matches to take place in the mornings. As a sort of pre-Olympics event, the Seoul Cup International Boxing Championship was held at the Chamshil Students' Gymnasium in March 1988, inviting about 200 boxers from 20 countries. The Seoul Olympic Boxing Operations were put into actual operation at this time. The Boxing Operations was comprised of five managers and six officers, along with 608 operations personnel. These included; five staff members of the SLOOC, 194 support personnel, 601 volunteers, and 54 temporary employees, for a total of 893. The Chamshil Students' Gymnasium had a seating capacity of 7,500, and measured 48x40m square, capable of holding two rings. To accommodate the large number of bouts, two rings were installed for the preliminary rounds; after the quarterfinals, however, only one ring was used. Boxers trained in the Shinil High School gymnasium and the Seoul High School gymnasium. Gloves, headgear and other implements were supplied by local manufacturers. It was the first time that Korean-made gloves, accredited by the AIBA, were used in Olympic boxing competition. Weigh-in scales were supplied by Toledo Scale of the United States under licensing arrangements, and stopwatches were manufactured by Hanhart of the Federal Republic of Germany. 11.4.2 Conduct of the Competitions —————————————– The Olympic boxing competition covered 12 weight classes, and each NOC was allowed to enter one competitor in each weight class. Host Korea, the U.S., and the U.S.S.R. entered competitors in all weight classes. Cuba, a world amateur boxing powerhouse, did not participate. The first weigh-in was conducted on September 16. Those who failed in the first weigh-in were allowed to compete in their weighed-in class, only when there was no compatriot competitor entered in that weight class. The pairing draw for each weight class was conducted for those who passed through the first weigh-in at the Chamshil Students' Gymnasium on September 16, under the supervision of the AIBA technical delegates. Those competitors who passed the first weigh-in were required to be weighed - in again between 6:30 a.m. and 7:30 a.m. on the day of competition. The competition officials responsible for the operation and conduct of the competitons designated by the AIBA totalled 42; four Korean referees were designated as competition officials. One referee and five judges for each contest were selected by the Commission of Refereeing and Judging. Winners by Weight Class Division Light Fly Fly Bantam Feather Light Light Welter Welter Light Middle Middle Light Heavy Heavy Super Heavy NOC Bulgaria Korea U.S.A. Italy German Democratic Rep. U.S.S.R. Kenya Korea German Democratic Rep. U.S.A. U.S.A. Canada Name Ivailo Hristo After the September 22 controversy over the refereeing on the bantamweight bout between the Korean Byun and the Bulgarian Hristov, however, the AIBA secretary-general personally allocated the referees and judges to the contests. During the light welterweight bout between the Korean Chun Jin-chul and the American Todd Foster, the Korean boxer was knocked down by the American boxer, after he (the Korean) had mistaken the sound of a bell coming from next ring as a signal to end the first round. The knockdown was declared void and a rematch was scheduled. In the rematch, however the Korean was again knocked out. Of the total 427 bouts, decisions accounted for 270 results, RSC 92, KO 34, and retirement for 31. In boxing, contests for third and fourth places did not take place, but the two competitors who lost in the semifinals were ranked third together and awarded bronzes. The U.S. placed first in medal standings, with three golds, one silver, and three bronzes; host Korea finished second with two golds, one silver and one bronze; and the German Democratic Republic placed third with two golds and one silver. Twenty-five countries captured medals; eight countries won golds. Spectator seating was 2,665 for first class, 2,114 for second class, and 2,406 for third class, for a total capacity of 7,185. The 15 days of action drew a total of 97,709 spectators who bought tickets for admission, recording a seating occupancy rate of 62.1 percent. Kim Kwang-sun Kennedy Mckinney Giovanni Parisi Andreas Zuelow Viatcheslav Janovski Robert Wangila Park Si-hun Henry Maske Andrew Maynard Ray Mercer Lennox Lennox
17 18 16 15. Venue of boxing competition, Chamshil Gymnasium. Scores were tabulated instantly by computer. 16. Announcer's box at the boxing venue. 17. Referee declares a knockout in a boxing match; judges and referees exercised a decisive influence over outcomes in many events. 18. A boxer with a lacerated eyelid is given emergency treatment by a team physician. Every competition venue had a first aid clinic nearby to assure prompt treatment of athletes' injuries.
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The Olympic flame lit up the world
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368 12. Torch Relay Olympic Torch R
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370 12. Torch Relay 5 12.2.2 Select
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372 12. Torch Relay 10 9 12.2.3 —
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374 12. Torch Relay 12.3 Lighting o
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376 12. Torch Relay 22 22. A troupe
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378 12. Torch Relay 26 12.4 Domesti
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380 12. Torch Relay 31. The torch i
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382 12. Torch Relay 33 Along the pa
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384 12. Torch Relay 38 12.5 Cultura
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386 12. Torch Relay 43. The Olympia
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The Opening Ceremonies of the 24th
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430 14. Seoul Olympic Arts Festival
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15. Seoul Olympic Youth Camp 466 2
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15. Seoul Olympic Youth Camp 468 6.
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480 To assist the members of the Ol
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16. Reception and Protocol 482 Diag
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16. Reception and Protocol 492 maps
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16. Reception and Protocol 494 Due
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502 17. Accreditation 2. Issuance o
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504 17. Accreditation 3 The ID card
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506 17. Accreditation 5. Issuance o
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508 17. Accreditation Results of Op
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510 17. Accreditation 17.5 Operatio
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The accommodation services for the
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518 18. Accommodation and good stat
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520 18. Accommodation sonnel, spons
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522 18. Accommodation Olympic Organ
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The Seoul Olympic Village was a wel
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528 19. Olympic Village 19.1.4 Orga
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530 19. Olympic Village 3. Park Seh
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532 19. Olympic Village Olympic Vil
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534 19. Olympic Village 8. Flag-rai
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Check-ins and Check-outs at the Oly
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13 14 12 11. The tearoom on the 3rd
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Day — One BREAKFAST JUICE Orange
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Day — Three BREAKFAST JUICE Orang
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Day — Five BREAKFAST JUICE Orange
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21 20. Lunch boxes are packaged aft
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of 476.3 million won. The acceptabl
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29 28 25. Hwa Sung Corporation ran
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Video/CATV Room This service offere
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34 35 33 36 33. Officials familiari
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38 39 37 40 37. A photo session fol
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19.9.4 Village Arts Festival ——
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44 46 46 47 44. A Chusok memorial s
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48 49 48. Photographers hard at wor
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51 52 50 50. An inbound bicycle und
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noon and immediately checked out af
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570 19. Olympic Village 19.13 Revie
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The Press Village consisted of 36 a
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576 20. Press Village Guiding posts
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578 20. Press Village 20.4 Accommod
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580 20. Press Village 20.5 Lodging
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582 20. Press Village Major Foods a
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584 20. Press Village 20.7 Amenitie
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586 20. Press Village Shopping Cent
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