Part 2 - LA84 Foundation

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13. Opening, Closing and Victory Ceremonies Securing of Materials for the Ceremonies Type Opening Ceremonies Closing Ceremonies For Practice Only Total 400 Costumes 14,845 Items, 69 Kinds 3,763 Items, 16 Kinds 21,005 Items, 5 Kinds 39,613 Items, 90 Kinds Special effects by pigeons The flying of pigeons en masse at the time of the hoisting of the Olympic Flag contributed greatly to the visualization of the Olympic spirit and to enhancing the festive mood of the ceremonies. The 2,400 white pigeons symbolizing the 24th Olympiad were flown by 30 emergency personnel from the upper parts of both the left and right exits across from the headquarter seats. Congratulatory flight Five A37 jet planes made a congratulatory flight and formed the five rings of the Olympic Games to the delight of spectators. Electric scoreboard During the Opening and Closing Ceremonies, an electric Scoreboard which can produce a 14.412m x 9m surface in color or a 17.28m x 10.56m surface in black and white was in operation. The electric board was effective in visualizing the spirit of the Opening and Closing Ceremonies. It added flavor to the performances on the ground and helped the spectators understand the progress in different sports. The electric board showed the relay broadcast of the host broadcaster, the video-taped references, its own relay broadcast, the slide projector screens, computer graphics and other special pictures and explanatory notes in black and white. The board also functioned well for the introduction of events and performances, explanations about the staged works, presentation of foreign language translations, and in spotting unexpected happenings and events. Gun salute Five gun salutes were made by five 105mm howitzers from the elevated ground adjacent to the Chamshil Quay at the time of lowering the Olympic Flag and extinguishing the Olympic Flame during the Closing Ceremonies. Lighting During the Closing Ceremonies which were held after sunset, the lighting played an important role together with the sound, electric Scoreboard and the fireworks. Ninety-five locally-made large-output machines turned the circular stadium into an eye opener for the world as a whole. It was a nice Accessories 35,166 Items, 74 Kinds 8,474 Items, 26 Kinds 1,200 Items, 1 Kind 44,840 Items, 101 Kinds Ornaments 93,453 Items, 78 Kinds 2,084 Items, 25 Kinds 39,345 Items, 27 Kinds 134,882 Items, 130 Kinds Equipment 2,761 Items, 30 Kinds 102 Items, 1 Kind 2,683 Items, 31 Kinds opportunity to boast the high-level lighting technology of Korea to the outside world. The production staff was led by Yun Jae-dok, director of lighting department at Munhwa Broadcasting Company, and Lee U-yong, former lighting director of the National Theater. The lighting equipment was operated by militarymen after education and training. 13.3.3 —————————————– Parachuting Demonstration The parachuting demonstration was designed to make the Opening Ceremonies a three-dimensional festivity. The diverse beautiful colors and the magical arts of the sky divers provoked an enthusiastic applause and cheers from the spectators. The SLOOC discussed the parachuting demonstration with the International Parachutists Association (CIP) in August 1987, and decided the CIP participation in the Opening Ceremonies. In April 1988, it was finally agreed that 52 parachutists from the CIP member countries and 22 Koreans would appear in the demonstration. The SLOOC was to take care of the parachutists from the CIP during their stay in Korea, and the CIP would finance other expenses relating to the parachutists' participation in the Seoul Games. The demonstration was planned to take place at the same time with the performance of Cha-il (Tent) Dance on the ground. The parachutists demonstrated the precise landing within a tiny circle on the stadium field and the free-style landing on the designated spots on the stadium. The precise landing was demonstrated by 44 parachutists. The sky divers formed the five Olympic rings using costume, apparatus and smoke in the air above the Olympic Stadium. The 44 parachutists who performed the precise landing comprised 22 Koreans and 22 from the CIP. Of the 30 parachutists who performed the ring jump, 23 were from the United States of America, four were from France, two were from Canada and one was from Switzerland. 13.3.4 International Folk Dance Troupes —————————————– The Opening and Closing Ceremonies of the Seoul Olympic Games were brightened by the performance of folk dance troupes from 13 nations around the world. Their performance also contributed to confirming the Olympiad to be a festival of world citizens and a meeting of harmony. The International Cultural Society of Korea began to seek ways of having foreign folk dance troupes at the Seoul Games in February 1987. In June of the same year, it selected a group of foreign troupes, and in April 1988, finalized the list of 12 troupes for the Opening Ceremonies and one troupe for the Closing Ceremonies. The SLOOC had the authority over the duration of performance, the composition of the choreography and the music production. At least one drill was required for the troupes before the Games' opening. The maximum number of performers from one country was limited to 50. Content of performance Post-Opening Ceremonies Performance (One World): When Konori, a Korean traditional chariot game, symbolizing reconciliation and harmony ended and "One World" was about to begin at 1:23 p.m., mascots of the previous Olympic Games appeared in each group of 24. They included dogs, beavers, bears, eagles, Hodori and Cobi. Then came out 359 dancers from 12 countries with unique movements who presented a variety of folk dances. The Official Closing Ceremony: At 8:03 p.m. when the Seoul mayor returned the Olympic Flag to the IOC president and when the IOC president was going to hand the flag over to the Barcelona mayor, the Spanish dance by the Barcelona Dance Troupe and the Seoul Metropolitan Dance Company's Changgo (hourglass drum) Dance were joined together, creating a sharp contrast and an unusual harmony. 13.3.5 Costumes, Equipments and Accessories —————————————– The Opening and Closing Ceremonies necessitated costumes, ornaments, accessories, and equipments. The SLOOC worked out a list of such necessities, the kinds and quantity in March 1987, based on the scenario, though the demand for such materials was likely to change before the Games' opening. The list was formed separately for the real ceremonies and for the drills and rehearsals. After fixing the kinds and quantity of the materials, the SLOOC selected four art and costume directors in a meeting of the Advisory Committee. It was also decided through consultations with the art directors that five assistants would be employed and an art room would be operated to design the intra-stadium decorations and the equipments and accessories. In September 1987, the designers were asked to work out draft designs of the equipments and accessories by December of that year in cooperation with the choreographers of the works concerned. From December 1987
through March 1988, four rounds of deliberation meetings were held with the attendance of officials and specialists concerned, and final draft designs were adopted in the meetings. Then the production of the designed materials was assigned. The costumes, accessories and major equipments and ornaments were produced by April 1988. An exhibition aimed at examining the harmony of the costumes, equipments and accessories and the environment in which they will be put into use was held at the Olympic Stadium, the venue of the Opening and Closing Ceremonies. The production of materials for drills and actual ceremonies started in June 1988 and was completed in mid- August. The materials comprised 90 kinds of costumes totalling 39,613 pieces, 101 kinds of personal ornaments totalling 44,840 pieces,130 kinds of accessories totalling 134,882 items, and 31 kinds of equipments totalling 2,863 items. 16 14 15 14. Decorations graced the Olympic Stadium for the Opening Ceremony. 15. A total of 2,761 instruments of 30 kinds were used in the Opening Ceremony. 16. More than a dozen countries contributed dancers to the international folk dance troupe, a main attraction at the Opening and Closing Ceremonies.
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Day — One BREAKFAST JUICE Orange
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19.9.4 Village Arts Festival ——
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