Part 2 - LA84 Foundation

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11. Competition Management by Sport 350 78 11.21 Weightlifting The Olympic weightlifting competitions were held from September 18 to 29, with one day rest on September 23, with the participation of 245 lifters from 62 countries. The competitions, comprised of 10 weight categories were: staged in the same fashion as the Los Angeles Games in 1984. The U.S.S.R., the U.S.A., Bulgaria and Hungary entered lifters in all weight categories in a battle to top the weightlifting medal table. Also fielding lifters in all categories were the People's Republic of China, Great Britain, Japan and host Korea. The U.S.S.R. won the top place, earning six out of the 10 gold medals at stake, followed by Bulgaria with two golds, and the German Democratic Republic and Turkey, with one gold each. Bulgaria was stripped of two golds due to a doping violation, while two Hungarian lifters were disqualified, as was one Spanish lifter. 11.21.1 Competition —————————————– Preparations In March 1988, the SLOOC organized the Weightlifting Operations with one commissioner, one secretary-general, one director, five managers and 22 officers. The operations headquarters moved to the Olympic Weightlifting Gymnasium in April of the same year to begin the preparations for actual competition management. The staffing of the operations included six SLOOC staff members, 102 support personnel, 266 volunteers, and six temporary employees. In addition, 88 contract personnel assisted in the competition management. Job education was conducted for key members of the operations from January to March 1988, while other operation personnel were subjected to job education and site-familiarization trainings on four occasions from May to August. The competitions were staged at the Olympic Weightlifting Gymnasium in the Olympic Park adjacent to the Olympic Village. An indoor structure which measures 10,716 square meters on the one basement level and three storeys, the gymnasium has a seating capacity of 4,000. The illumination is 1,500 luxes, and the size of the lifting platform is 14x14x0.9m; the alphanumeric electric Scoreboard measures 9.07x3.45 Construction started in 1984, and was completed in 1986. The gymnasium was used during the Asian Games. The Korean National College of Physical Education Gymnasium, 0.5 Kilometers from the Olympic Village, was used for training. The gymnasium provided 30 platforms, each equipped with one set of IWF-accredited barbells. The equipment and implements required for the competitions were secured from official suppliers or purchased to meet the specifications set by the IWF. The volume covered some 2,100 units of 33 items; major items were four sets of platform (4x4m), 500 pieces of rubber discs, 69 to 20-kg bars, 55 bolts, and 270 discs. 11.21.2 Conduct —————————————– of the Competitions The competitions started on September 18, beginning from the lowest bodyweight category, up to 52 kilograms. The competitions in each weight category were completed in one day, up to 52 kilograms on September 18, up to 56 kilograms on September 19, up to 60 kilograms on September 20, up to 67.5 kilograms on September 21, and up to 75 kilograms on September 22. There was one day off on September 23, and competitions resumed on September 24 for up to 82.5 kilograms, then up to 90 kilograms on September 25, 100 kilograms on September 26, up to 110 kilograms on September 27, and competitions for the over 110 kilograms category were held on September 28-29. Athletes competed in A and B groups in each weight category, but the lifters in up to 67.5 kilograms and up to 90 kilograms categories were divided into A, B and C groups, because of many participants. When only A and B groups were involved, the competitions were staged for about two hours, beginning from 5 p.m. to 9 p.m. Victory ceremonies were held on the current day of the competition after computing individual totals following the competitions. In accordance with the IWF rule, each NOC was allowed to enter up to 10 lifters and two reserves who had met qualifying standards. The qualifying standards were not applied when an NOC fielded only up to two athletes. The number of lifters who participated in the competitions according to such qualification totalled 245 from 62 countries. The events were limited to clean and jerk, and snatch, and three attempts were allowed for each of the two methods. When an attempt was carried out with a weight difference of 10 kilograms or below from the existing record, a fourth attempt was allowed. One attempt was limited to two minutes, but three minutes were allowed for an extra attempt, or when lifters had to compete without rest. The rankings were determined by the total points achieved in the clean and jerk, and snatch. The draw was conducted two hours and 15 minutes before the start of the competition at the weigh-in room and athlete numbers were delivered; weigh-in was completed from one hour to two hours prior to the start of the competition. Officials of the IWF included the president, secretary-general and two technical officials. Twenty-five technical officials worked for the competitions. The technical team for each competition consisted of one referee, two sub-referees, two reserve referees and six jury members. The allocation of referees, technical inspectors and jury members was announced by the chief technical delegate one day prior to the competition. The first day of the competition involving the lowest bodyweight category of up to 52 kilograms witnessed a world record. The records set during the competition period included 11 world records and one tie, and 85 Olympic records and 20 ties. The highlights of the world records: 1) Sevdalin Marinov of Bulgaria lifted 120kg in the up to 52kg category, breaking the 119.5kg record, and broke the total record of 267.5kg by recording a total of 270kg; 2) Naim Suleymanoglu of Turkey lifted 150.5kg in the second attempt of snatch and 152.5kg in the third attempt in the up to 60kg category, beating the previous record of 150kg; he also lifted 188.5kg in the second attempt of the clean and jerk, and lifted 190kg in the third attempt, breaking the previous record of 188kg. He also brought the total to 341 kg in the second attempt, and then to 342.5kg in the third attempt, breaking the previous total record of 335kg. In all, he rewrote the record books six times in a day; 3) In the up to 110kg category, Yuri Zakharevitch of the U.S.S.R. broke the world record of 203.5kg in the snatch by lifting 205kg on his second attempt, and then succeeded in the third attempt to lift 210kg, beating the world record a second time. In total, he also established a world record of 455kg, breaking the previous world record of 452.5kg. In the heaviest category of over 110 kilograms, Alexandre Kourlovitch of the U.S.S.R. captured the gold with a total of 462.5 kilograms, setting an Olympic record, but below the world record of 472.5 kilograms he set in 1987. In medal standings, the U.S.S.R. placed first with six golds and two silvers, followed by Bulgaria with two golds, one silver and one bronze, and the German Democratic Republic with one gold, one silver and one bronze. Doping scandals occurred from the early stages of the competition. On September 19, Bulgaria's Mitko Grablev in the up to 56-kilogram category, was stripped of his gold medal. Angel Guenchev, also of Bulgaria, who captured the gold on September 21 in the up to 67.5 kilograms, was deprived of his gold medal as he tested positive in the doping test. Andor Szanyi of Hungary, who captured the silver in the up to 100kilogram category, was also stripped of his medal due to doping.
The number of seats for spectators totalled 2,482, drawing a combined number of 28,714 spectators during the 11 days of action. Admission tickets were sold at the ticket sales booth of the weightlifting venue, in addition to the tickets reserved. The table below indicates the medal standings by weight category and the results of the doping control test. Weightlifting Gold Medalists Weight NOC 52kg Bulgaria 56kg U.S.S.R. 60kg Turkey 67.5kg German Democratic Rep. 75kg Bulgaria 82.5kg U.S.S.R. 90kg U.S.S.R. 100kg U.S.S.R. 110kg U.S.S.R. 110kg U.S.S.R. Results of Dope Analysis and Sanctions Weight Ranking NOC Name of Athlete 56kg 1 Bulgaria Mitko Grablev 67.5kg 67.5kg 75kg 100kg 1 13 4 2 Bulgaria Spain Hungary Hungary Name Sevdalin Marinov Oxen Mirzoian Naim Suleymanoglu Joachim Kunz Borislav Guidikov Israil Arsamakov Anatoli Khrapatyi Pavel Kouznetsov Yuri Zakharevitch Alexandre Kourlovitch Anguel Anguelov Fernando Mariaca Kalman Csengeri Andor Szanyi Records 270.0kg 292.5kg 342.5kg 340.0kg 375.0kg 377.5kg 412.5kg 425.0kg 455.0kg 462.5kg Name of Drug Furosemide (Hydragogue) Furosemide (Hydragogue) Pemoline (stimulant) Stanozolol (Anabolic Steroid) Stanozolol (Anabolic Steroid) Sanction Stripping of gold medal; Disqualification Stripping of gold medal Disqualification Disqualification Disqualification Stripping of silver medal Disqualification 81 79 80 78. Angel Guenchev performs an acrobatic stunt after capturing the gold in the 67.5 kilogram or less weightlifting event; later, however, he was stripped of the medal after testing positive in a doping test. 79. Naim Suleymanoglu of Turkey took the gold and set a new world record in the 60kilogram class of Olympic weightlifting. 80. Judges at the weightlifting competition site. 81. The electronic scoreboard flashes information about a weightlifter and his attempts.
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