The Influence Of Priming Two Cucumber Cultivar Seeds

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J. Duhok Univ. Vol.13, No.1, (Agri. And Vet. Sciences) Pp 122-130, 2010 REGENERATION OF F1 HYBRIDS OF EGGPLANT (Solanum melongena L.) AND TOMATO(Lycopersicon esculentum L.) FROM STEM EXPLANTS. 233 MOSLEH M.S. DUHOK,Y Payman A. A. Zibari * , and Mohammad M. A. Salman ** * Dept. of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region-Iraq ** Dept. of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad-Iraq (Received: August 9, 2010; Accepted for publication: February 2, 2011) ABSTRACT An in vitro method for propagation of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) was developed. Stem explants of Fl hybrids of eggplant and tomato from in vitro germinated seedlings were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of BA and NAA. Multiples shoots were induced from the stem explants of eggplant and tomato by culturing them on MS medium supplemented with 2.5, 5.0 mgl -1 BA plus 0.3 mgl -1 IAA or 2.5mgl -1 BA plus 0.2 mgl -1 NAA. Differentiation and shoots were initiated after one week of culture and after 8 weeks of primary culture, an average of three plantlets were developed from the cultures supplemented with 5.0 mgl -1 BA in eggplant and 2.5 mgl -1 BA in tomato. The shoots when subcultured on 1/2 salt strength MS medium supplemented with 0.3 mgl -1 NAA produced plantlets subculture with well-developed root system after 4 weeks. The plantlets were then acclimatized, and planted in pots which showed 95% survival under natural conditions. INTRODUCTION Tomato and eggplant are the most common popular and principle vegetable crops in Iraq as well as they grown in the most parts of the world. A number of cultivars are grown through out the country depending upon the yield consumer ' s preference about the colour, size and shape of various cultivars. Tomato and eggplant responded to seasonal changes, low temperature and to several diseases and pests that cause serious crop losses. These problems have been addressed by hybridizing these plants with wild resistant species, which presents a wide genetic diversity and are a source of useful agronomic traits. Now a days of tissue culture techniques are widely used for propagation of various crops .The use of tissue culture technology for vegetative propagation of plants is the most widely used application of the technology (Smith, 2000). Several methods are used to propagate plants in vitro to enhance auxiliary shoot proliferation, de novo formation of adventitious shoot through organogenesis, non- zygotic embryogenesis, currently. This method provide genetic stability and easily attainable for many plant species. (Trigiano and Gray, 2000). This paper reports a mass propagation procedure for tomato and eggplant F1 hybrid to produce plants as of original cultivar. MATERIAL AND METHODS Plant material: Seeds of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) olivade F1 hybrid cultivar and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Dusty cultivar were purchased from Nelson OY, Finald, Suomi. Seeds were washed with running tap water for five minutes. The seeds were then treated with ethanol 70% for 30 seconds before surface sterilization by dipping into 1.0% NaOCl for 5 minutes and then rinsed 5 times with sterile distilled water. Sterilized seeds were placed on sterile wet filter paper in Petri dishes and incubated at 25± 2°C in the dark for 1 week. Germinated seeds (seedlings) were subcultured on half- strength MS –basal medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) and incubated under 16 h photoperiod, illuminated with white fluorescent lamps. Stems obtained from seedlings at 30 days old were cultured in test tubes (25x160 mm) containing 15 ml of culture MS medium. Culture media and culture conditions: Plant growth regulators (PGRs) were added to MS medium and the pH was adjusted to 5.8 before autoclaving at 120 ° C for 20 minutes. Stems were grown on medium solidified with 7 g/l agar and kept under 16h photoperiod, illuminated with white fluorescent lamps at 25± 2 °C. Stems were subcultured at 30 days intervals to fresh medium.
J. Duhok Univ. Vol.13, No.1, (Agri. And Vet. Sciences) Pp 122-130, 2010 Shoot initiation and multiplication on MS basal medium was supplemented with different concentrations of BA (0.0 2.0 and 4.0 mgl -1 ) alone or in combination with IAA (0.0, 0.4 mgl - 1 ) for culture initiation, and (0.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mgl - 1 BA) alone or in combination with NAA (0.0, 0.2 and 0.3 mgl -1 NAA) for shoot multiplication. The number of shoots was visually counted after eight weeks. Rooting and acclimatized: Elongated shoots (2-2.5cm) were excised and transferred to full and half –strength MS medium containing 0.0 or 0.3 mgl -1 NAA for rooting. Plantlets with developing root system were transferred to plastic cups containing sterile peat moss irrigated with 1/4 strength MS salt . Each cup was covered with a polyethylene bag and the plants were hardened for ten days by gradually reducing the humidity through making holes in the bags. Experimental design and statistical analysis Experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD). Data scored on percentage were subjected to arcsine transformation before analysis and then converted back to percentage for presentation. Significant differences among mean values were separated and compared using Duncan’s multiple range test at 5% level (Duncan,1955 ). *Means followed by the same letters in each column does not differ significantly from each other according to Duncan’s multiple range test at 5% level. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The stem explants obtained from in vitro seedlings of eggplant were cultured either on MS medium alone or supplemented with 4.0 mgl -1 BA, 0.4 mgl -1 IAA and their combination. Stem explants of eggplant cultured on MS media supplemented with 4.0 mgl -1 BA or 4.0 mgl -1 BA + 0.4 mgl -1 IAA produced shoots after one week, and start giving multiple shoots after 3 weeks of culture. Shoots of explants cultured in hormone free MS media were induced after 4 weeks. The stem explants showed high totipotency in producing the callus in MS medium combined with BA plus IAA. Average number of shoots were significantly higher in MS media supplemented with 4.0 mgl -1 BA or 4.0 mgl -1 BA + 0.4 mgl -1 IAA (Fig. 1). While averages shoot length was about 6 cm in MS + 4.0 mgl -1 BA or MS +0.4 IAA. (Fig. 2). No significant differences in average leaves number per shoot was observed between the treatments (Fig 3.). Fig. (1): Effect of different concentrations of BA and IAA on the average shoots number / explants of eggplant at initiation stage. 234
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The Influence Of Priming Two Cucumber Cultivar Seeds

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