The Influence Of Priming Two Cucumber Cultivar Seeds

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J. Duhok Univ. Vol.13, No.1, (Agri. And Vet. Sciences) Pp 1-18, 2010 cm 2 , plant dry matter percentage 22.9%, leaf dry matter percentage 48.7%, total yield 9.77 kg.m -2 , percentage of fruit dry matter 4.6%, fruit length 16.4 cm, (tables, 3 and 4); fresh fruit yield at 2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th , 6 th , 7 th , 12 th , 14 th , 17 th ,18 th ,19 th , and 20 th harvests and their values were 51.1, 92.4, 793, 948.9, 1386.7, 777.4, 488.9, 393.3, 292.4, and 92.2 g.m -2 , respectively; fruit number.m -2 at 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th ,5 th , 6 th , 7 th , 8 th , 9 th , 11 th , and 17 th harvests and their magnitudes were, respectively, 0.6, 1, 1.5, 1.7, 7.13, 5.4, 7.1, 5.6, 6.7, 9.63, and 3.3, (tables, 9 and 10). These results could be referred to the combination of favourable growing condition at very early stage Resemble results were observed in 2005 trail. Babylon seeds primed in ion antagonism solution (CaCO3+MgSO4) were the most effective interaction treatment. Thus it gave the highest plant dry weight 83 g, leaf dry weight 4.3 g and total yield 11.2 kg.m -2 (tables, 3 and 4); fruit fresh yield at 2 nd , 5 th , 7 th , 8 th , 9 th , 10 th , 11 th , 12 th , 17 th , and 18 th harvests with values of 55.6, 780.6, 934.4, 775, 1088.9, 1166.7, 833.3, 1461.1, 516.7, and 391.7, respectively (tables, 9 and 10); fruit number.m -2 at 3 rd , 7 th , 8 th , 9 th , 11 th , 14 th , 16 th , and 17 th harvests with values of 0.7, 8.7, 6.4, 7.77, 11.23, 5.7, 4.5 and 3.8, respectively, (tables, 9 and 10). Recent studies manifested that seeds priming overcome incomplete embryo probles and altering the performance of metabolic activities in seed embryos. Basra (1995) summarized that priming operates to enhance seed quality by a combination of processes that may include cellular repair and improved membrane integrity; decreased seed exudation and concomitant decreased growth of pathogenic organisms; enhanced mobilization of seed protein, lipid, and starch as a result of activation or synthesis of advanced embryo development; weakened restraining tissues around the radical; 4 and vigorous of well adapted cultivar namely Babylon. Babylon seeds primed in MgSO4 solution in 2004 growing season manifested the highest individual leaf dry weight 4.2 g, individual leaf fresh weight 9.7 g, calcium content of fruit 3035.5 mg.kg -1 , fruit length 15.8 cm, and total yield14.1 kg.m -2 (tables, 2 and 4); fresh fruit yield at 2 nd harvest 1768.3 g.m -2 and 7 th harvest 1316.7 g.m -2 (table, 5); fruit number.m -2 at 2 nd and 7 th harvests with values of 21.7 and 15.7, respectively, (table, 7). and increased potential for oxidative phosphorylation and ATP accumulation. Results of 2004 experiment revealed that direct cultivation of Babylon seeds primed by MgSO4 was the best triple interaction treatment. It manifested the highest magnitudes in term of plant dry matter percentage 26.2%, total yield of fresh fruit 14.1 kg.m -2 (tables, 2 and 4); fresh fruit yield at 2 nd harvest 242 g.m -2 and fruit number.m -2 at 2 nd harvest 29.7 (tables, 5 and 7). Whereas, the best triple interaction in 2005 experiment was direct cultivation of Kalifa seeds primed in ion antagonism solution. This treatment gave the highest plant length 146.5 cm, total yield 11.7 kg.m -2 , and fruit yield at 9 th harvest 533.3 g.m -2 ,(tables, 3,and 4). Seed priming affects directly and in directly on cell metabolism, as documented by previous investigations. Priming synchronized the development of seeds, bringing them all to the same metabolic state. In carrot or celery seeds with rudimentary embryos, considerable embryo growth may occur during priming, even though radical growth is prevented (Van der Toorn, 1989).
J. Duhok Univ. Vol.13, No.1, (Agri. And Vet. Sciences) Pp 1-18, 2010 Table(1): Meteorological data, irrigation frequencies and soil depleted water to a 40cm depth Meteorological data Months April May June July August Maximum temperature Cº 26.8 34.2 39.2 48.3 49.3 Minimum temperature Cº 12.3 17 21.1 29.4 24.9 Relative humidity (%) 48 34 25 21 20.8 Rain fall incidences mm. 71.4 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cultivation methods and cvs (A*B) (A*C) Treatments and Cvs (B*C) Table (2): The influences of cultivation methods and priming seeds of two cucumber cultivars by CaCO3,, MgSO4 and their ion antagonism on growth during 2004 growing season. Cultivation methods (A) Treatments of Seed Priming (B) Cultivars Cvs. ( C) Direct sowing Indirect sowing Direct Indirect Cont Distil CaCO3 MgSO4 CaCO3+ direct Fw/p La i La B/p Dm%/p L dw lfw Pl L dm% Ln/p 304.9b 3.6a 92.7a 4.9a 22.8a 3.4b 7.2b 168.8a 49a 91.7b indirect 355.2a 3.5a 78.2b 4.6a 21.8a 4a 9.3a 165.1a 41.2a 108.4a Cont 307.8a 3.5a 84.8a 4.5b 22.5a 3.4a 7.9a 169.1a 44.7a 90.7a Dist 355.4a 3.8a 85.7a 5.6a 21.7a 3.6a 7.6a 167.9a 47.8a 109a CaCO3 331a 4a 87.9a 5.4a 21.7a 3.7a 8.6a 170.9a 44.7a 114a MgSO4 326.2a 2.9a 80.5a 3.7c 22.1a 3.7a 8.7a 164.7a 42.7a 91.4a CaCO3+ MgSO4 329.8a 3.6a 88.4a 4.6b 23.7a 3.8a 8.5a 162.2a 45.6a 99.7a Babyl 321.3a 3.8a 92a 5a 24a 4a 9.2a 158.4b 43.9a 94.1a Khali 338.8a 3.3a 78.9b 4.6a 20.7b 3.3b 7.3b 175.5a 46.3a 106a Cont 322.7ab 3.6a 93.2a 4.3bc 21.5a 3.38b 6.4c 179.3a 53.3a 78.2c Distil 318.2ab 4.1a 97.2a 5.6a 21.7a 3.4ab 6.6c 155.8a 52.5a 88.9bc CaCO3 299.4b 3.8a 96.2a 5.6a 22.5a 3.4ab 7.4bc 168.1a 47.8ab 106.6ac MgSO4 292.6b 3a 82.2a 3.8c 23.2a 3.5ab 8.3ab 170.9a 42.6bc 87.2bc CaCO3+ MgSO4 291.4b 3.5a 94.4a 5.2ab 25.3a 3.5ab 7.3bc 170a 48.8ab 97.8ac Cont 392.7a 3.4a 76.5a 4.7ac 23.4a 3.4ab 9.4a 159a 36.2c 106.6ac Dist 360.1ab 3.5a 74.2a 5.7a 21.8a 3.4ab 8.6ab 180a 43bc 129.1a CaCO3 359.9ab 4.2a 79.5a 5.1ab 20.9a 3.96ab 9.5a 173.7a 41.7bc 121.4ab MgSO4 339.2ab 2.8a 78.7a 3.7c 20.9a 3.9ab 9.2a 158.5a 42.8bc 95.7ac CaCO3+ MgSO4 324.2ab 3.7a 82.3a 4c 22.1a 4a 9.7a 154.5a 42.4bc 92.4bc Babyl 296.3b 3.8a 105.4a 4.7ab 24.5a 3.7b 7.9a 157a 47.3a 82.2b Khali 313.5ab 3.2a 80b 5.1a 21.2bc 3.2c 6.5c 180.7a 50.7a 101.3ab Babyl 346.4ab 3.8a 78.6b 4.4b 23.5ab 4.3a 10.5a 159.9a 40.6b 106a Khali 364a 3.4a 77.9b 4.9ab 20.1c 3.3bc 8a 170.37a 41.8b 110.7a Babyl 279a 4.3a 93.8a 4.1df 24.9ab 3.5bc 8.7ab 172.8a 42.4a 92.4ab Khali 336.7a 2.7a 75.8a 5ad 20bc 3.3c 7.1c 165.5a 47.7a 89.1ab Babyl 363.7a 4a 90.8a 5.3ab 22.5ac 4.1a 8.7ab 151.3a 46.9a 103.5ab Khali 347.1a 3.6a 80.7a 6a 20.1ac 3.1c 6.5c 184.5a 48.6a 114.6ab Babyl 338.9a 4.2a 78.8a 5.3ac 23ac 3.9ab 9.4a 158.5a 42.1a 106.3ab Khali 323a 3.7a 77a 5.5ab 20.4ac 3.5bc 7.5bc 183.3a 47.4a 121.7a Babyl 290.1a 2.8a 83.1a 3.8ef 24.1ac 4.2a 9.7a 147.4a 42.8a 83.8b Khali 362.4a 3a 77.8a 3.7f 19.8c 3.3c 7.7bc 182a 42.6a 99ab Babyl 335a 3.6a 93.3a 4.4cf 25.3a 4.2a 9.5a 162.2a 45.6a 84.5b 5
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The Influence Of Priming Two Cucumber Cultivar Seeds

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