The Influence Of Priming Two Cucumber Cultivar Seeds

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J. Duhok Univ. Vol.13, No.1, (Agri. And Vet. Sciences) Pp 60-69, 2010 06 EFFECT OF SOME TREATMENTS ON VAS LIFE OF Rosa cv. Queen elizabeth FLOWERS HADAR SAEED FAIZY AL-MIZORY Dept. of Hortiscinse, College of Agricultural, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region-Iraq (Received: April 8, 2010; Accepted for publication: October 11, 2010) ABSTRACT Five years old Rosa cv. Queen Elizabeth flowers were taken from shrubs grown in Agricultural College gardens at the University of Dohuk. The length of cut flowers petule was estimated at 50-70 cm. The effect of flowers cutting stage was studied on vase flowers age stage of non opening sepals, stage of semi opened sepals, stage of non opening petals, stage of semi opened petals and the stage of full petals opening interacted with three different methods of cut flowers, cutting the flowers and putting them in water after 10 minutes, cutting the flowers and putting them directly in water and cutting the flowers under water directly. The experiment was arranged according to factorial randomized complete design in four replicates and 15 flowers for each replicate. The highest percentages mean of petals falling down at petals full opening and at semi opened petals were recorded (97.35%). Flowers’ cutting at the stage of non opening petals was better and the mean percentage of petals fulling down was 55.55%. Whereas, the flowers were declined and the mean of petals falling down percentage was 90.83%, when they were cut and put in water after 10 minutes. While the percentage of petals falling down was better when the flowers were cut under water directly (72.57%). Cutting flowers at full opening stage for cutting the flowers and putting them in water after 10 minutes and cutting the flowers and putting them directly in water gave 100.00% petals falling down as compared with those cut under water (92.06%) for the same treatment. The lowest petals falling down percent was 43.74% which was recorded while cutting flowers at the stage of non opening sepals and those cut under water directly . A INTRODUCTION rose is a perennial flower shrub or vine of the genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae, which contains over 100 species and comes in a variety of colors. The species form a group of erect shrubs, and climbing or trailing plants, with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles. Most are native to Asia, with smaller numbers of species native to Europe, North America, and northwest Africa. Natives, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and fragrance (Britannica Online Encyclopedia, 2007). Roses are one of the oldest known flowers and are grown in many countries of the world, and are one of the most favorite ornamental plants because of the beauty of its flowers, aromatic with different colors and shapes that live long after the cutting in addition to the volatile oils. The production and trade of cut flowers from the important issues of our time, and it is no doubt that it occupies a prominent place in the economies of many countries of the world, especially the developed countries concerned with the education and the production of cut flowers. Flowers are extremely perishable maintaining their physiological functions vary actively even after harvest, and the beginning of their senescence very often depends on ethylene. A rise in ethylene production that accelerates senescence has been found in cut carnations and roses (Quesada and Valpuesta, 2000). Ichimura et al,. (2005) found that saponin(s) was extracted from tea seeds, and its effect on the vase life, transpiration from leaves and hydraulic conductance of stem segments in cut roses (Rosa hybrida L. cv. Sonia) were investigated. The continuous treatment with teaseed saponins (TSS) at 20 mg/ L significantly extended the vase life of cut rose flowers, flowers at normal harvest maturity (sepals starting to reflex) Moreover (Liao et al., 2000) also reported that the postharvest quality of cut flowers Rosa hybrida L. cv. Diana was affected by a treatment of sucrose when Flower longevity was 7.4 ± 0.8 (days) at 120 (g/L) concentration , While Flower diameter was 4.5 ± 0.3 (cm) at STS (0.2 mM) + sucrose (120 g/ L) +HQS( 200 mg/L) concentrations when the flowers taken at Halfopen stage The aim of this study is to know the best age and way to harvest, thereby prolonging the vaslife of flowers after post harvesting. MATERIALS AND METHODS This experiment carried out in the ornamental plants laboratory of Department of Horticulture/ College of Agriculture/ University of Dohuk,
J. Duhok Univ. Vol.13, No.1, (Agri. And Vet. Sciences) Pp 60-69, 2010 Sumeil in the period from May 8 th , 2007 to May 22 th , 2007. The Rosa cv. Queen Elizabeth flowers of the Queen Elizabeth were taken from shrubs of five years old plants in the gardens of the College in the early morning using a sharp and sterilized blade the length of cut flower was ranged from 50 to 55 cm, and leaving two leaves on the cut flower and other leaves removed, taking account that the lower parts of the stem of flowers. Flowers were cut and placed in vas was washed well with hot water and soap using a brush to get rid of the remaining sediment at the bottom contained sterile water and clean and cool somewhat by sucrose (5 g L-1), (Treetaruyanondha and Ketsa, 1988) for a depth of 5 cm, taking into account changing it every two days and cut 1 cm of the lower flower stem. A factorial experiment was carried out of two factors using a Factorial Experiment within Randomized Complete Design. The first factor was five stages of harvest: stage of non opening sepals, stage of semi opened sepals, stage of non opening petals, stage of semi opened petal, the stage of full petals opening. The second factor included three different methods of flowers cutting, cutting the flowers and putting them in water after 10 minutes, cutting the flowers and putting them directly in water and Re-cutting the flowers under water directly. By 15 treatments replicated 4 times, and every experimental unit included 3 flowers. Data were taken after 14 days from experiment beginning and the following characteristics were examined. 1. Average percentage of flowers in the emergence of Anther. 2. The average percentage of opening sepals. 3. Average percentage of petals opening. 4. Average percentage of petals falling down Petals. 5. The average percentage of wilting flowers: the duration of survival of the flowers valid point Vaslife (days) number of days until flower wilting was calculated (Abdel-Rahman, 2006). 6. Average percentage of dry material: fresh weight was recorded for the flower after picked, and then by dry weight after drying flowers in an electric oven at the temperature of 70 C ْ for a period of 24 hours (Al-Sahaf, 1989). Then the percentage of dry matter of the flowers was calculated through the following mathematical relationship: % of dry matter = Dry weight × 100 Fresh weight (Abdel-Rahman ,2006). 7. Average loss percentage in dry weight: The calculation of the percentage of lost weight in accordance with the following relationship: The percentage of lost weight = Fresh weight in the beginning of vas life - fresh weight of the end of the vas life Fresh weight in the beginning of vas life DATA STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: After the conversion of the angular values of percentages, analysis of variance was conducted using the SAS(2001) system, Duncan test was conducted to compare the means of the various transactions at the level of 5%, RESULTS Table (1) declares the effect of cutting stage on the average percentage of flower opening access to the lowest rate for the emergence of Anther when the flowers were picked in the non- non opening sepal (63.21%), while this value reached a maximum at the stage of full petals opening (79.19%). As for the effect of how to pick the flowers on the emergence of anther, the highest average percentage of the emergence of anther was recorded when the flowers were picked and then placed in water after 10 minutes (68.31%) as compared with the lowest average percentage of the emergence of anther when the flowers were picked under water directly (27.49%). While there was a considerable variation in the effect of the overlap interaction appearance Anther per cent was the lowest average percentage of the emergence of anther when the flowers were picked and then placed in water after 10 minutes, followed by harvest treatment of flowers under water when taken in the opening of sepals stage these values were 0.00% and 6.25%, respectively. Treatments were significantly best on the both stages of picking the flowers stage of in non opening petals and stage of full petals opening. When picking flowers and then placing them in water after 10 minutes, where the ratio was 100.00%. 06
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The Influence Of Priming Two Cucumber Cultivar Seeds

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