The Influence Of Priming Two Cucumber Cultivar Seeds

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J. Duhok Univ. Vol.13, No.1, (Agri. And Vet. Sciences) Pp 153-161, 2010 There was a good qualitative agreement between both cELISA and microscopic examined since the agreement was in 204 samples that were positive by both tests and in 70 samples that were negative by both tests. The 156 percentage of agreement was (59.57%) but disagreement was (40.43%) when only 186 out of 460 samples failed to show agreement with test results as shown in table(6). Table (6): Qualitative agreement and disagreement between cELISA and Microscopic. The hematological findings of the goats naturally infected with A. ovis are shown in table (7). The results of the study indicate that the values of blood parameters varied in comparison with normal values of blood pictures in the healthy animals depended on different references. The PCV % mean value was (19.5 ± 2.6%); the hemoglobin concentration mean value was (6.3 ± 0.8) g/µl and the mean value of the total number of erythrocyte (5.9 ± 1.17) million cell/dl were statistically significant Parameters (Mean ± S.D) decreased at level of (P 0.05). Also there was a statistical significance increased at level of (P 0.05) in the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (33.9 ± 5.88) fl, but there was no statistical significance in mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (10.8 ± 1.76) pg and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (32.3 ± 2.19) g/dl. This indicates the evidence of macrocytic normochromic anemia. Table (7): Hematological parameters of goats infected with A. ovis Infected with A. ovis Total RBC X 10 6 / µL 5.9 ± 1.17 a 8-17 Normal range (Coles 1986) PCV % 19.5 ± 2.68 b 20-38 % Hb g/dl 6.3 ± 0.83 c 8-14 MCV (fl) 33.9 ± 5.88 d 16-25 MCH (pg) 10.8 ± 1.76 5-8 MCHC g/dl 32.3 ± 2.19 28-34 Parasitemia (%) Tests No. of samples Total samples % of sample Total % Positive (Both tests) 204 Negative (Both tests) 70 274 15.22 Positive (cELISA) Negative(Microscope) Positive (Microscope) Negative (cELISA) 142 7.16 ± 2.98 44.35 a,b,c,d difference letters are statistically significant at a level of (p 0.05) 186 30.87 44 9.56 59.57 40.43 Total 460 460 100 100
J. Duhok Univ. Vol.13, No.1, (Agri. And Vet. Sciences) Pp 153-161, 2010 DISCUSSION Studies of Caprine anaplasmosis in Iraq are very scare and little information had been provided. This preliminary study was done for the first time in Duhok area, North Iraq from April to September, 2009. Accordingly, the objective of this study was determine the prevalence of Caprine anaplasmosis (A. ovis ). For the detection of A. ovis infection, two methods were used. The first one was based on microscopical examination of Giemsa stained blood smear, and the second technique cELISA, was used for detection of antibodies in sera of the investigated animals. Microscopic examination of the Giemsa stained thin blood smears is still the most reliable and cost effective method of confirming a clinical diagnosis of anaplasmosis (De Waal, 2000). The diagnosis of tick borne diseases such as babesiosis, theleriosis and anaplasmosis still depends on observing the parasities in the infected erythrocytes when the parasitemia rates are indicative. Although the parasite detection can be easily applied in the field, the sensitivity of the method and its failure to detect anaplasmosis, if the number of parasite in the peripheral blood is too low, illustrate the limitation of parasitological diagnosis by Giemsa stained blood smears (Soulsby, 1986). In the present study, the prevalence of A. ovis by Giemsa stained blood smears was high revealed that 257(55.86%) in compared with other studies was done in Iraq. Alsaad et al. (2009) found the prevalence of A. ovis in goats in Mousl province in Iraq revealed that (24.74%) were infected with A. ovis. Al-Amerey and Hasso. (2002) reported that the prevalence of A. ovis in goats in Baghdad was 32.19%.While in other countries like Jordan, the prevalence of A. ovis by thin blood films was 8.6% in sheep and goats (Sherkov et al., 1976). Razmi et al. (2006) revealed that the rate 80.3% of sheep and 38.92% of goats in Iran were infected with A. ovis by Giemsa stained blood smears. Talat et al. (2005) revealed that the incidence of A. ovis in sheep and goats in Pakistan was 13.2% and 9.59% respectively and Hur et al. (1995) showed that the infection rate of grazing and nongrazing goats with Anaplasma spp. in Korean was 71.7 and 8.5 %, respectively. Park et al., (1997) found that the infection rate of A. ovis in Korean goats by Giemsa stained blood smears and complement fixation test (CFT) was 20.1% and 75.2% respectively, these variation in the rates might be related to distribution of population of the vectors as ticks and others like flies and mosquitoes. Microscopical examination revealed that presence of A. ovis in many erythrocytes with parasitemia ranged from 2.8- 12.2% with the mean value 7.16 ± 2.98 %, and the appearance of anaplasma inclusion bodies in the erythrocyte as spherical granule with variable from single to double dote like structure. These shapes are similar to those described by Soulsby (1986). Razmi et al. (2006) found that the ranges of anaplasmatemia in the infected cattle, sheep and goats were 0.005-0.5%, 0.01-3% and 0.01-3%, respectively. Lu et al. (1997) revealed that the peak of parasitemia of erythrocytes in goats in China was 18-55.3%. Barry and Van Niekerk (1990) mentioned that showed that the mean parasitemia reached a peak of 5% to 6%, in boar goats with a maximum of 12% in two cases in South Africa. This variability in the parasitemia might to be due to variety of infection as acute or chronic and difference in strain of the agent and immune status of the host. The prevalence rate of Anaplasma ovis related to age groups and sex of goats was studied. There was statistically difference in rate of prevalence between the sex and age groups (p 0.05); a high rate was found in age group above 3 years in comparison to other age groups. The younger animals less susceptible to infection than aged animals this might be due to passive immunization from dame to the kids via colostrums. The rate highly prevalently in females than males this might be due to the female animals kept involves in flocks more than male. This event was in agreement with Friedhoff (1997) and Lestoquard (1924), they found factors of age, sex, and breed influenced the incidence of anaplasma infection and the symptoms of the disease depended on age, the general condition of the animals and their breed (Shompole et al., 1989). Results agree with Alsaad (1990) reported that in Mosul province in Iraq the prevalence rate of A. marginale in cattle related to age, cattle from more than one year to four years old and those more than four years old were highly affected and represented the acute form of the disease with an infection rate of (60%, 22.5%) respectively, while cattle from 6-month to one year old were mildly affected and represented the mild form with an infection rate of 17.5%. Razmi et al. (2006) found that the prevalence of anaplasmosis was not statistically significant 157
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The Influence Of Priming Two Cucumber Cultivar Seeds

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