The Influence Of Priming Two Cucumber Cultivar Seeds

J. Duhok Univ. Vol.13, No.1, (Agri. And Vet. Sciences) Pp 19-24, 2010
SENSORY EVALUATION CHARACTERITICS OF DIFFERENT
WALNUT CULTIVARS (Juglans regia L.) IN DUHOH
AZAD A. T. MAYI
Dept. of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region-Iraq
(Received: January 21, 2010; Accepted for publication: June 26, 2010)
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted in Duhok, Kurdistan region at five locations (Bagera, Mayi, Amedy, Zakho and Duhok
center) during the period 08-09 in order to collect information for improving the present assortment of scion cultivars.
A total of 17 walnut individual cultivars were investigated to determine the main chemo-physical and qualitative
characteristics of the nuts. The walnut population we studied can be considered as a genetically valuable one. In the
present high quality fruit was obtained. Among the 17 individuals, provided the best proportion of kernel mass
compared with endocarp. Sensory characteristics of the nuts (fruit thickness, length, width, size, Length/width ratio,
fresh weight and dry weight, kernel weight, kernel color, Oil,) were studded. as compared with others (_Azad2 cv.
Were dominated in shell thickness, Kavlesin2, in fruit length, and width, A. Mirza in fruit L/W ratio and nut fruit size
(2.12cm,38.61cm,34.30cm,1.250cm and 200cm3 respectively). while in this study, we can observe that E.Taha resulted
in the highest nut flesh weight and kernel dry weight (15.09g and 7.18g, respectively, at Mayi location) However, the
obtained results indicated that trees fruit nut of cv.Ramzi1 at Mayi location was superior over all cultivars in fruit
kernel color (10.50) and cv. Azad3 in Oil percentage (73.41%) at Duhok center location.
KEY WORDS: sensory evaluation, walnut fruits, fruit in shell, internal characteristics of a kernel.
T
INTRODUCTION
he Common walnut (Juglans regia),
Persian walnut, or English walnut), is
the original walnut tree of the Old World. It is
native in a region stretching from the Balkans
eastward to the Himalayas and southwest China.
The largest forests are in Kyrgyzstan, where
trees occur in extensive, nearly pure walnut
forests at 1,000–2,000 m altitude (Hemery
1998., Ingels, et al.1990, Prasad, 2003, Colaric,
et al. 2006 and Rezso, et al 2008).
Persian walnut is commercially cultivated in
many regions around the world for its timber, as
well as for its nuts. European production of
Persian walnut still largely depends on trees
originated from seedlings. During the last 20
years, important work on seedling selection has
been carried out in local populations of walnut
throughout Europe. Also, the characteristics of
wild walnut trees have been described in
Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy,
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain and
the Ukraine( Solar et al., 2002) . A valuable
edible nuts produced by walnut trees are well
appreciated because they are enriched with
unsaturated fat (linoleic, oleic acid). They also
contain other beneficial components like plant
amino acid (e.g. arginine and leucine),
carbohydrates (e.g. dietary fiber), vitamins (e.g.
vitamin A and E), pectic substances, minerals
(magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, sulphur,
copper and iron), plant sterols, phytochemicals
(phenolic acids, flavonoids, etc.) (Kris-Etherton
et al., 1999; Carpenter,2000, Sinesio, et al. 2001,
Prasad, 2003). Especially pellicle -a thin cover
that surrounds kernel, was found as the most
important source of walnut phenolics, although it
only represents 5% of the fruit weight (Solar et
al., 2002,Colaric et al., 2005, Rezso, et al. 2008).
A wide range of walnut cultivars grown in
Duhok governorate is mainly a consequence of
a long-term project called ‘Introduction and
selection of fruit plants. The main purpose of the
study is to ensure the Duhok fruit-growers
quality plant material of tested varieties of local
and foreign origin. Generally, in evaluating new
cultivars or genotypes more commercially
important tree and nut characteristics are
emphasized. Nevertheless, among sensory
properties of nuts only pellicle color, shell
strength, shell seam, easiness of kernel halves
removal and taste used to be evaluated for
selection purposes (Prasad, 2003, Draganescu,
et al. 2006 and Muharrem, et al. 2008).
However, from the consumer’s point of view
(his satisfaction and further consumption) the
sensory properties of fruit are among the most
important, especially visual and taste properties,
therefore sensory characterization is rather
welcome. The main purposes of this study are to
describe and evaluate some sensory
characteristics of nuts in different walnut
cultivars.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study was carried out in Duhok
governorate (Fig.1) Kurdistan region in five
different locations, Bagera, Mayi, Amedy,
Zakho and Duhok center (Table 1). The survey
continued from 2009 and the seedling cultivars
origin are named by grower orchards. Then the
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