The Influence Of Priming Two Cucumber Cultivar Seeds

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J. Duhok Univ. Vol.13, No.1, (Agri. And Vet. Sciences) Pp 166-170, 2010 168 Glucose (mg/dl) 88 86 84 82 80 78 76 74 72 70 6 month 8 month at puberty Fig. (1) Mean total glucose (mg/dl) of ewe lambs fed two levels of protein during various period of the experiment. Correlation coefficient between age and body weight at puberty and some metabolites traits: It has been suggested that sufficient body growth is a consequence of metabolic changes occurring before and around the onset of puberty (Suttie et al.,1991) .Therefore, it is plausible to think that those changes serve as peripheral signals to initiate puberty(Sakurai et al.,2004) .In the present work, the correlation coefficients between protein and each of body weight and age at puberty was non significant being -0.003 and -0.132 , respectively .Also, the correlation coefficients between cholesterol and each of body weight and age at puberty were not significant being 0.098 and -0.185 respectively(Table 2). These results suggest that plasma metabolite concentrations per se are not a significant trigger for the onset of puberty in Karadi ewe lambs. Similarly, Sakurai et al. (2004) Indicated that some metabolites including non estrified fatty acids, ketone body and acetic acid are not considered a significant trigger for the onset of puberty in Shiba goat. Time changes in plasma concentrations of glucose are shown in (Figure 1). It appears from the figure that glucose concentration relatively maintained the same (79.35-85.42) during the course of study. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between glucose and weight at puberty was significant (0.247), while with age Protein 12% Protein 16% was not significant (0.063) (Table 2). Also, Foster and Bucholtz (1995) reported that LH secretion is suppressed by the central administration of glucose inhibitor in developing sheep, and suggested that glucose availability has a critical role in the onset of puberty. Therefore, the central sensors that detect the availability of particular circulating metabolites may change before the onset of puberty. Insulin is considered to be one of the metabolic signals linking nutritional status with pulstile GnRH/LH secretion in ruminants, because circulating insulin concentration are positively correlated with the nutritional status(Hileman et al.1990;Studer et al.,1993) ,and insulin acts centrally to stimulate pulstile LH release (Tanaka et al.2000) . In the current work, insulin was correlated positively (p
J. Duhok Univ. Vol.13, No.1, (Agri. And Vet. Sciences) Pp 166-170, 2010 Table (2): Correlation coefficients between each of age and body weight at puberty and some blood serum parameters. Protein Cholesterol Glucose Insulin Weight at puberty -0.003 N.S. 0.098 N.S. 0.247* 0.378 * Age at puberty -0.132 N.S. -0.185 N.S. 0.063 N.S. -0.439 ** N.S. Not significant * P < 0.05 ** P < 0.01 REFERENCES - Boulanouar, B., Ahmad, M., Klopfestein, T., Brink, D., and Kinder, J. 1995. Dietary protein or energy restriction influences age and weight at puberty in ewe lambs. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 40: 229-238. - Brigle, E. and IIgaza, A. 2003. Age and feed effect on the dynamic of animal blood biochemical values in postnatal ontogenesis in calves. Vetinari ja Ir Zootechika T. 22:5. - Castro ,A., Dhindsa, D. S., Hoversland ,A.S. and Mct Calfe, J. 1977.Serum proteins and protein and protein electrophoretic pattern in normal pygmy goats .American J. Vet. Res.38:665-667. - Duncan, D.B. 1955. Multiple Range and Multiple Test. Biometrics. 11:1 -42. - Fawcett, D. W. 1979. The male reproductive system. In: Reproduction and Human welfare. (Ed Greep R.O. Koplincky ,M.A. and Jaffe ,F.S.) Hitt press Cambrige ,UK. - Foster , D. L., and Bucholtz, D. C. 1995.Glucose as a possible metabolic cue timing puberty. Front Endocrinol 10:319-331. - Foster, D. L., Olster, D. H. and Yellon, S. M. 1985. Neuroendocrine regulation of puberty by nutrition and photoperiod. In Adolescence In Females: Endocrinological Development and Implications on Reproductive Function .PP,1-21. - Foster, D. L., Ebling, F. J. P., Micka, A. F., Vannerson, L. A, Bucholtz,.D. C.,Wood, R. I., Suttie, J. M. and Fenner, D. E. 1989. Metabolic interfaces between growth and reproduction. Nutritional gonadotrophins, prolactin and growth hormone secretion in the growth limited female .lamb. Endocri. 125: 342-350. - Hileman, S.M., Schillo, K.K., Boling, J. A., and Estienne, M.J. 1990.Effects of age on fasting – induced changes in insulin, glucose, urea nitrogen, and free fatty acids in Sera of sheep. Proc.Soc.Exp.Biol.Med.194; 21-25. - Kaneko, J. J., Harvey, J. W. and Bruss, M. L. 1997.Clinical Biochemistry of. Domestic Animals .Academic press, USA. - Palsson, H., and Verges, J. B. 1952. Effects of the plane of nutrition on growth and development of carcass quality in lambs. J. Agri. Sci. 42: l. - Park, C. S. 1985. Influence of dietary protein on blood cholesterol and related metabolites of growing calves. J. Anim. Sci. 61:924-930.. - Pedawy, A.G., and Alkas, J. E., 2010. Studies on the attainment of puberty in Karadi ewe lambs. 1. Effect of level of protein on age and weight at puberty. J. Duhok Univ. (in press). - Sakuri, K., Ohkura, S., Matsuyama, S., Katoh, K., Obara ,Y., and Okamura, H., 2004.Body growth and plasma concentrations of metabolitiesand metabolic hormones during the pubertal period in female Shiba goats .J. Reprod. Dev. 50; 197-205. - SAS (2005).SAs/STAT User’s Guide for personal computers. Release 6.12.SAS Institute Inc., Gary, Nc, U.S.A. - Singh, V., Bugalia, N.S., and Kumar ,P.1994.Plasma total protein cholesterol and minerals during prepuberal and puberal periods in goats. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 64:834-835. - Steiner, R.A., 1987.Nutritional and metabolic factors in the regulation of reproductive hormone secretion in the primate.Proc.Nutr.Soc.46:159 175. - Studer, V. A., Grummer, R. R., Bertics, S. J., and Reynolds, C.K. 1993.Effect of prepartum propylene glycol administration on peripartureint fatty liver in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 76:2931- 2939. - Suttie, J. M., Foster, D. L., Veenvliet, B.A , Manley, T.R., and Corson, I .D. 1991. Influence of food intake but independence of body weight on puberty in female sheep .J. Reprod. Fert .92:33-39. - Tanaka,T., Nagatani, S., Bucholtz, D.C., Ohkura, S., Tsukamura, H., Maeda, K.,and Foster ,D.L.2000. Central action of insulin regulates pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in the diabetic sheep model. Biol. Reprod. 62:1256-1261. - Williams ,O.R. 1997. Phsiology of Domestic Animals .2 nd ed.Lowa Univ. Press,USA. 169
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The Influence Of Priming Two Cucumber Cultivar Seeds

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