The Influence Of Priming Two Cucumber Cultivar Seeds

J. Duhok Univ. Vol.13, No.1, (Agri. And Vet. Sciences) Pp 55-59, 2010
SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND TECHNICAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH
BROILER PRODUCTION IN DUHOK GOVERNORATE
REZGAR M.MOHAMMED and JOHNNY S. YOKHANA
Dept. of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region-Iraq.
(Received: April 8, 2010; Accepted for publication: July 20, 2010)
ABSTRACT
The study investigated factors associated with the production efficiency in a sample of (20) broiler farms
distributed between five productive zones in Duhok governorate. Structured questionnaire were prepared to collect
data on social qualifications of labour force concerning their level of education and the status of farm ownership and
rent, quality of day old chicks, mortality, feed conversion and age of broiler marketing were also studied. The
technical specifications of broiler houses were also monitored. Feeders, waterers, light source and availability of
feedmills were also studied. Frequency distribution, Pearson correlation and regression technique were used to
analyse the data. The results revealed many deviations from the technical specifications in the sample that was
studied, which led to the detoriation of the most productive qualities.
KEYWORDS: Broiler, Socio-economic, Technical factors.
T
INTRODUCTION
he poultry industry has developed
rapidly in Duhok governorate since the
beginning of the seventies, when the private
sector appeared to invest in this activity, taking
advantage of government support of loans,
technical and veterinary services, and the
development of regulations and directives
governing the sector. Broiler production has
been developed, as the number of fields
increased to about (67) fields with the capacity
of about (800) thousand birds in 2008 1 .
Poultry production has an important role in
supporting a white meat for human consumption
which peculiar high nutrition value whereas it
contains (23.5%) protein, (8.5%) fat, (0.3%)
organic salts, (67.2%) water and its calorie
numbers per each kilogram reaches (1783)
calories 2 .
In spite of the development in the amount of
broiler production sector, it suffers from many
problems; the most notable problems were
decreasing productive efficiency in most
fields which leads to high production costs to
them. As a result of the failure to regulate this
industry and the lack of massacres model that
can accommodate all the quantity of production,
there were periods which supplied more than
what is demanded; this led to lowering the prices
and it often leads to big losses in the owners
part.
A number of economic studies have been
taken in this field, either in the analysis of
production costs by the various items and to
derive the marginal and average cost functions
of broiler farms to identify the optimal size of
the field, or in the economic efficiency in order
to identify the reasons behind the high
production costs of broiler fields by using a
number of economic criteria and economic
feasibility criteria of projects and economic
return to the scale of broiler fields.
Although the broiler farms are economic
activities, there are many technical factors and
specifications that should be provided to reach
the economic efficiency and hence profitability.
We have noticed that there have not been any
scientific studies on the availability of these
technical factors in broiler fields. The aim of this
study is to identify the availability of various
technical factors that affect the productive
efficiency of a sample of broiler fields in Duhok
governorate, and then submit some
recommendations to improve the production
efficiency, and therefore economic efficiency of
these fields.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Structured questionnaire has been designed
for data collection; it includes several questions,
some of which relate to the social characteristics
of broiler breeders, efficiency of food conversion
ratio, mortality percentage, marketing age,
various technical specifications of the houses,
and equipment for the study sample. Random
sampling technique was followed to arrive at a
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