The Influence Of Priming Two Cucumber Cultivar Seeds

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J. Duhok Univ. Vol.13, No.1, (Agri. And Vet. Sciences) Pp 49-54, 2010 09 : زةطل ادَيكيلائد ديضةئ كيبزوكضةئ َىيشست انسكةدَيش انسكَيتزاك . ىشةزةو َىشةث وَيخةلةك وَيتةخولاض اطنةض انوبةدَيش -1 َىندناض اريلوك ه ىزةوةنايط َىوةيزةب اكشب ه ازةوةنايط انسكنادوخ ىذوسث ه ىاد مانجةئ ةييتاي ةهيلوكةظ ىاو اطنةض اريسب و) ىايةو 4-3( ىسكةظيرش ينَي ايرض تيكطيط 20 وك 2009 َىنوميئ وب ىسكلةكَيت َىي ىاو َىفةلائ وك ىاثوسط زاض زةض ه ىسكشةباد ةهتاي و ىوب ماسطوميك . اذوز 90 َىواو وبو فلائ ماسط وميك/ ذ مغك/ مكمو 750 وَييو . ىوب مغك 0.007 ± 0.071 ماسط نو 1250 و 14 1000 ، 750 ، 0 ات َىناسيصخ 14 0.62 ± 13.48 ىارَيز ىاظ ـب ﭫةئ ةتخوث ذ كويد ايوكناش C ىكَيثتضةداي ينواتيف هةطد اكطيط اي ةناذوز اطنةض ارَيز وك ىسكزايد َىهيلوكةظ وَيوانجةئ زايد اوانجةئ ىازةزةض ىد وَيثوسط هةطد دزوازةب ب َىيطنةض ارَيز ويترهمب ةتشيةط ادَينزاوخد وتسطزةو اكةيترَيـض َلىةب ،ىخةلةك وَيتةخولاض زةض ةهيسكةن فاجزةب ةَينسكيتزاك ض 750 14 C ينواتيظ C ينواتيظو ىفلائ ايزاكتضةد وك ةهيسك وـك وَيكـطيط ىاو ه ىشةـب ايتاسيوتـضو مزةط َىخةلةك ايطنةضو اكطيط ايطنةض ايياوود زةض ةيسك ىيةزاوش : يف ةقيلعلل c نيماتيف ةفاضا ريثات زعرملا زعامل ةحيبذلا تافصو ومنلا ءادا -1 . C ينواتيظ ارَيز ذ مغك/ مغكمو ةتتملا لاتت وتتهد ةتتعماج ةتتعا زلا ةتتيله يياوتتيحلا زاتتتيلا يتتوي ااوتتيحلا ةتتيبرت حورتتيم يتتف ةتتيا ةلا دذتته هتتيرجأ ± 13.48 ي اةتتبا اعو ةتعمبو ) ررتشأ 4-3 و تلع يتغه يتغلم 1250 و 1000 , 750 , رفتص ( ةتموةفملا زتعرملا ءاةتج نتم د ةتي 750 هتلوانت يتتلا ءاةتيلا هتققح اتمه . يتغله 0.007 , C نيماتتيف ± 0.071 20 تيعوت يتت تيح 2009 وتليا 14 ةصلاخلا ةياغل ااريزح نتم ةفاتضا أتلع ذتغتتل يماتيم ةتعب أ أتلا يتغه 0.62 . آموي اوعوت ةمل تلب ةتي ةتيمويلا ةتييعولا داتيزلا ةتعم ااتب ا اتتنلا ريتيت رت لا تلاماتعملاب ةتي اقم ءاتملا نتم ةتيمه ليا هلوانتو ي اذغ ليوحت ءافهو ةييعو دايع ألعأ C نيماتيف يغله ∕ يغلم لا ةتفلتخملا تلاماتعملا نيتب ةتيونعملا قورتفلا اةتعيا نتم يغرتلا أتلع ااتب ا اتتنلا ريتيت اتمه . ةيونعم امرنيب . ةينهةلا ةقبةلا كميو ةحيبذلا اعوو ي ارنلا اعولا يف انوحت هققح ةي لع يغه/ يغلم 750 قورفلا نكت يلو هلوانت يتلا ءاةيلا اا
J. Duhok Univ. Vol.13, No.1, (Agri. And Vet. Sciences) Pp 55-59, 2010 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND TECHNICAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH BROILER PRODUCTION IN DUHOK GOVERNORATE REZGAR M.MOHAMMED and JOHNNY S. YOKHANA Dept. of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. (Received: April 8, 2010; Accepted for publication: July 20, 2010) ABSTRACT The study investigated factors associated with the production efficiency in a sample of (20) broiler farms distributed between five productive zones in Duhok governorate. Structured questionnaire were prepared to collect data on social qualifications of labour force concerning their level of education and the status of farm ownership and rent, quality of day old chicks, mortality, feed conversion and age of broiler marketing were also studied. The technical specifications of broiler houses were also monitored. Feeders, waterers, light source and availability of feedmills were also studied. Frequency distribution, Pearson correlation and regression technique were used to analyse the data. The results revealed many deviations from the technical specifications in the sample that was studied, which led to the detoriation of the most productive qualities. KEYWORDS: Broiler, Socio-economic, Technical factors. T INTRODUCTION he poultry industry has developed rapidly in Duhok governorate since the beginning of the seventies, when the private sector appeared to invest in this activity, taking advantage of government support of loans, technical and veterinary services, and the development of regulations and directives governing the sector. Broiler production has been developed, as the number of fields increased to about (67) fields with the capacity of about (800) thousand birds in 2008 1 . Poultry production has an important role in supporting a white meat for human consumption which peculiar high nutrition value whereas it contains (23.5%) protein, (8.5%) fat, (0.3%) organic salts, (67.2%) water and its calorie numbers per each kilogram reaches (1783) calories 2 . In spite of the development in the amount of broiler production sector, it suffers from many problems; the most notable problems were decreasing productive efficiency in most fields which leads to high production costs to them. As a result of the failure to regulate this industry and the lack of massacres model that can accommodate all the quantity of production, there were periods which supplied more than what is demanded; this led to lowering the prices and it often leads to big losses in the owners part. A number of economic studies have been taken in this field, either in the analysis of production costs by the various items and to derive the marginal and average cost functions of broiler farms to identify the optimal size of the field, or in the economic efficiency in order to identify the reasons behind the high production costs of broiler fields by using a number of economic criteria and economic feasibility criteria of projects and economic return to the scale of broiler fields. Although the broiler farms are economic activities, there are many technical factors and specifications that should be provided to reach the economic efficiency and hence profitability. We have noticed that there have not been any scientific studies on the availability of these technical factors in broiler fields. The aim of this study is to identify the availability of various technical factors that affect the productive efficiency of a sample of broiler fields in Duhok governorate, and then submit some recommendations to improve the production efficiency, and therefore economic efficiency of these fields. MATERIALS AND METHODS Structured questionnaire has been designed for data collection; it includes several questions, some of which relate to the social characteristics of broiler breeders, efficiency of food conversion ratio, mortality percentage, marketing age, various technical specifications of the houses, and equipment for the study sample. Random sampling technique was followed to arrive at a 55
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The Influence Of Priming Two Cucumber Cultivar Seeds

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