The Influence Of Priming Two Cucumber Cultivar Seeds

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J. Duhok Univ. Vol.13, No.1, (Agri. And Vet. Sciences) Pp 70-81, 2010 ESTIMATION OF SOME GENETIC PARAMRTERS , CORRELATION AND PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS FOR SOME TRAITS IN EGGPLANT ABSTRACT 07 ABDULJABBAR I. MARIE* and JIYAN A. TELI ** *College of Agriculture, University of Mosul -Iraq ** College of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region-Iraq (Received: April 11, 2010; Accepted for publication: December 26, 2010) Full diallel crosses was conducted at the Vegetable Field, College of Agriculture, University of Dohuk to study some genetic parameters for eggplant varieties and their hybrids, correlation and path analysis for some trait in eggplant. The results showed that additive variance (σ 2 A) was significant for all traits (plant height, no. of branches, date of flowering, no. of flowers/ inflorescence, average wt. of fruit no. of fruit/plant total yield/plant , fruit weight and diameter), whereas the dominant variance (σ 2 D) and environmental variance (σ 2 E) were not significant for all traits. Heritability in broad sense was high for all studied traits except no. of branches and early yield. Narrow sense heritability was high for plant height, date of flowering , no. of flowers inflorescence -1 , fruit weight , no. of fruits plant -1 , fruit length and diameter, which reflect the importance of additive gene action for these traits and the average degree of dominance was less than one for all traits, indicating the presence of partial dominance. Appositive phenotypic correlation was found between the total yiel/plant with no. of branches, fruit length and no. of fruits plant -1 . Path coefficient analysis revealed that no. of fruits plant -1 and fruit weight had high direct effects on the total yield while date of flowering had a positive indirect effect on the plant yield through fruit weight. And no. of branches plant -1 had high indirect effect through no. of fruits. It concluded that fruits number and fruit weight traits had highly direct and indirect effect from other traits for this we can depended on it for selection for highly yield in eggplant. KEYWORDS: Eggplant, heritability, path analysis. E INTRODUCTION ggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the most important vegetables grown throughout the world including tropical, subtropical and temperate regions .The crop was brought from South East Asia and distributed to Western and Northern Africa , the Mediterranean Basin ,and eventually Europe during the Arab incursion into those region starting in the seventh century (Daunay et al 2001) . It is one of the most widely used vegetable crops after tomato and potato, but it tops the list of canned vegetables after tomato. In popular medicine, eggplant is indicated for the treatment of several diseases including diabetes, anthritis, asthma and bronchitis. In addition to several groups have provided evidence that eggplant extracts have a significant effect in reducing blood and cholestrol rates in human (Khan 1979; Jorge et al 1998). Nowadays, eggplant continues to be an economically and nutritionally important species in Asian and Mediterranean countries (FAO 2000) . Eggplant ranks second among the processed vegetables in the world. Genotypic variations and correlations in quantitative traits which are of economic importance are valuable in selecting the desired types. In a planned hybridization programme for evolving a new variety with increased yield and improved quality of fruits, a complete knowledge of genetic variability and interrelation in quantitative traits of the particular crops is necessary. Diallel crosses have been employed in genetic research to investigate the inheritance of the important attributes among a set of genotypes to identify superior parent traits among hybrid or cultivar Development. Conventional diallel analysis is limited to partitioning the total variation of data into general combining ability (GCA) for each parent and specific combining ability (SCA) for each cross (Yan and Hunt 2002). Diallel cross analysis is considered to be one of the important programmes attained by breeding scientists for generation testing of possible crosses between genotypes that produce the best crosses
J. Duhok Univ. Vol.13, No.1, (Agri. And Vet. Sciences) Pp 70-81, 2010 assigning from combined parents , then to introduce them in a breeding program to obtain new varieties and hybrids. Since then the principles of diallel cross was developed by many researchers (Jink and Hayman 1953; Hayman 1958; Griffing 1956a 1956b; Gardner and Eberhart, 1966). Correlation can be expressed by the nature of association between yield and their components and between each pair of components themselves. In a plant breeding program correlation offers an important role to the breeder by providing information to predict and select the trait with low heritability through their type of association and the degree with other trait having high heritability (Ahmed 2003). To obtain high production in many varieties through a breeding program depend upon actually on the highly effective traits which have direct and indirect correlation with the yield that consider a good method to know the traits effort , time and costs (Relad et al. 1987) . Chezhain et al. (2000) found that estimates of variance effects were high for general and specific combining ability in plant height, number of fruits plant -1 , fruit weight and fruit yield plant -1 . Jahhav et al. (2001) ascertained that the variance due to the general and specific combining ability were high for plant height , fruit number , fruit weight and fruit yield . Sharma et al. (2002) proved that mean square due to general and specific combining ability were highly significant for fruit yield plant -1 , mean fruit weight and number of fruit plant -1 , the mean square values for gca were higher than sca for all traits . Biswajit et al. (2004) showed in eggplant, that the analysis of variance for combining ability revealed significant means square for both effects of general and specific combining ability in most traits except for general combining ability effects in plant height and weight of marketable fruits plant -1 . The objectives of this study were to determine the nature of gene action through separating the genetic variance by using a diallel crosses suggested by Griffing (1956). MATERIALS AND METHODS Four varieties of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) from different origins were selected in this investigation, three of them were importanted and the fourth one was an ecotype, as shown in table (1). Table (1): Name of varieties used in this study, their sources and some general of their traits. No. Variety Origin Fruit form Source 1 Early long purple Imported U.S.A Prolonged lightly purple General Agency of Agricultural Researches General Agency of Agricultural 2 Long purple Imported U.S.A Prolonged Black Researches General Agency of Agricultural 3 Black Beauty Imported U.S.A Spherical Deep black Researches 4 Alton Kubry Native , Karkuk, Iraq Little elongated Deep black General Agency of Agricultural Rearches Those varieties are widespread in Iraq and convergence the demand by farmers (Al-Rekabi and Abduljabbar 1981), and given numbers (1 to 4) respectively in the presentation of results and discussion. Full diallel cross among these varieties with all possible probabilities which cultivated in the vegetable field of Horticulture Department , Dohuk University , during growing season of 2006 was carried out according to method I of Griffing, 1956 to complete gathering all hybrids seed required . Seeds of F1 hybrids and parents were sown in plastic containers filled with sterile soil prepared for this purpose in the plastic house in the last week of February 2007 . After 45 days , seedlings were planted in the vegetable field , using R.C.B.D design with three replication , each replicate includes 4 parents and 12 individual hybrids , cultivated in rows 3 m. long spaced 1 m. apart ,while seedlings were planted 0.4 m. apart within each row (AL-Assaf and Hassan 1983) .The lateral seedlings are regarded as guard plants . Other agricultural practices were performed as followed by farmers in the area. Measurements and data were taken from 4 plants in each experimental unit located at the mid row. The data were recorded on ; plant length (cm.) , no. of branches , flowering date (day) by counting the number of days from planting to opening the first flower , number of flowers inflorescence -1 , number of fruit plant -1 , average weight of fruit(g) , fruit length and diameter (cm.) , early yield (kg/plant) which included the first three 07
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The Influence Of Priming Two Cucumber Cultivar Seeds

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