The Influence Of Priming Two Cucumber Cultivar Seeds

J. Duhok Univ. Vol.13, No.1, (Agri. And Vet. Sciences) Pp 25-35, 2010
RESPONSE OF PISTACHIO (P. VERA) TRANSPLANTS TO VARYING
LEVELS OF WATER, MEDIA CULTURES AND PHOSPHORUS:
1-VEGETATIVE GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS
AZAD A. T. MAYI and KHITAM ADIEB
Dept. of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region- Iraq
(Received: February 25, 2010; Accepted for publication: November 3, 2010)
ABSTRACT
The study was carried out during 2009 at the nursery of Horticulture/ Agriculture-University of Duhok-Kurdistan
Region to investigate response of two years and pistachio transplants grown in two levels of irrigation (25 or 50 %) of
soil available water capacities were depleted, three varying culture media (1:1, 2:1 river loamy soil : peatmoss besides
check loamy river soil only and five P2O5 concentration (0,100, 200, 300, 400mg.P.L -1 . Pots -1 ). The parameters were
studied (stem height, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf area ,leaf fresh and dry weights). The results showed that the
irrigation of transplant at 25% significantly increased ,stem diameter, leaf area ,leaf fresh and dry weights (6.13mm,
31.77cm 2 , 3.77g, 1.49g) respectively. While, media cultures( 2:1) affected significantly all parameter (80.27cm,
6.16mm, 35.17, 32.1cm 2 , 4.21g, 1.71g) respectively. P concentration 200mg increase all studied parameters (78.28cm,
6.49mm, 35.39, 34.58cm 2 ,4.30g, 1.66g) respectively. However, all interactions led to significant increase of all
parameters. The best treatment was 25%water + 2:1 river loamy soil to peatmoss +200mg.L -1 .Pots -1 which gave the
highest means of most studied parameters (8.01mm,43.33, 3.73 cm 2 , 4.77g and 2.10g)respectively.
While,50%+2:1+300mg.L -1 increased stem length (97.33cm).
KEY WORD: Pistachio, Media Culture, Water Stress, Nutrition.
T
INTRODUCTION
here are about 11 pistachio species (Pistacia
spp. L). only P. vera is commercially grown,
since it produces most pistachio production
comes from arid zone in countries nearly
uniform marketable fruit size. Which constitute
the main pistachio exporting countries through
worldwide Yoursa (2007)and Ala (2004).
Pistachio plants grow best in deep, river
loamy soils (Ala 2004 and Yoursa, 2007).
Pistachio trees are long-lived, tap-rooted and can
grow up to 20-30 feet tall. Like any other fruit or
nut tree, well-drained soils are needed for
optimum growth. Pistachios are drought tolerant,
but for commercial crop production there must
be adequate soil moisture.
Growers believe that pistachio are drought
resistance trees. However, pistachio requires
ample amounts of water for satisfactory growth.
(Hegazi, et al., 2002) Studies with different plant
species have shown consistently that growth was
directly related to water availabilities. The effect
of soil moisture tensions on the growth of some
pistachio cultivar was previously studied by
Soliman, (1992). Abo-Taleb et al., (1998) and
Hegazi, et al., (2002) . I n other deciduous fruits,
many studies were done to show the effect of
water stress on growth characteristics of many
trees among them walnut ( Goldhamer et al.,
1992), Peach (Girona et al., 1993), Fig
(Maximos et al., 1991) and Al-khateeb, (1996)
and Apple (Yang, et al. 1996).
Their result indicated that increasing the
available soil water increased stem length,
number of leaves, average leaf area , fresh and
dry weight. The reduction in the plant growth
parameters values under water stress condition
was found also in pomegranate fruits by
(Hegazi, et al., 2002 ). Drought resistance in
olive possesses the capacity to withstand the
effects of water shortage for relatively long
period without serious injury, (Adel, 1998, and
Laz, et al.,(1999). Several evidences indicate
that there are changes in the photosynthetic
pigments and their mechanisms in the
chloroplasts and changes in the ultra structure
may occur under water stress.
Phosphorus is a macronutrient which
constitute the energy reservoir molecules and is
also necessary in the production of wood and
fruits Hegazi, et al., (2002). The effect of 5
levels of phosphorus 15.5, 31,62 and 124mg/kg)
on peach seedling, indicated that top dry matter
increased in response to the lowest rate of added
phosphorus Neilsen et al.,(1993). Phosphorus
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