The Influence Of Priming Two Cucumber Cultivar Seeds

J. Duhok Univ. Vol.13, No.1, (Agri. And Vet. Sciences) Pp 153-161, 2010
between male and female and between different
age groups of cattle, sheep and goats. Soulsby
(1986) reported that the younger animals were
susceptible to the infection but exhibited little
detectable reaction although clinical cases can be
induced by splenectomy.
In this study, the Anaplasma was not seen in
the erythrocytes of 142 of 346 animals which
were positive for A. ovis antibody by cELISA.
The results show that cELISA was a favorable
technique for the detection of acute and chronic
anaplasmosis. Anaplasma cELISA is a
breakthrough in diagnosis of anaplasmosis in the
persistently infected animals and is
recommended by (OIE, 2008).
The competitive enzyme linked
immunosorbent assay (cELISA) based on a
major surface protein-5(MSP5) from A.
marginale used for the detection of the
prevalence of A. ovis in goats and used as a
comparative test with microscopical examination
of Giemsa stained blood smears. The utility of
the MSP5-based cELISA in detecting cattle
infected with A. marginale suggested that the
assay could be used to detect goats infected with
A. ovis (Visser et al., 1992., Palmer et al., 1994).
A comparison between the efficiency of
cELISA and microscopical examination clearly
showed that cELISA was more efficient than
microscopic examination. Hence, cELISA
allowed a better detection of 346 (75.22%) of the
infected animals, while microscopical
examination was detected only of 257(55.86%).
In this study, seroprevalence of A. ovis
antibodies was detected in sera of 460 native
goats 346(75.22%). While Ndung’u et al. (1995)
reported that the high prevalence of A. ovis in
goats from four regions of Kenya 119 of 127
known A. ovis- seropositive goats is determined
by the MSP5 CI-ELISA. In Hungaria, Horonk et
al. (2007) surveyed seroprevalence of A. ovis in
five local flocks of sheep which was 99.4% and
in cattle 80.8% by cELISA. Birdane et al. (2006)
reported that in Turkey the prevalence of A.
marginale in cattle by cELISA and microscopic
examination of Giemsa stained blood smears of
645 animals was 357(55.35%) and 220(34.11%)
respectively. de la Fuente et al. (2006) reported
that in Italy the prevalence of A. ovis from
bighorn sheep in Montana was 69%.
Scoles et al. (2008) reported that the
prevalence of A. ovis in mule deer and black-
tailed deer were 73% and 71% respectively by
cELISA and the percent positive was 56% for
mule deer and 82% for back tailed deer by IFA
158
and the sensitivity and specificity of cELISA test
were 98.2% and 96.3%, respectively.
This study revealed variable degrees in
hemogram in goats infected with A. ovis confirm
that moderate to severe hemolytic anemia was
very distinctive in comparison to the normal
healthy parameters. These included a drop in the
mean values of erythrocyte count, packed cell
volume and hemoglobin concentration and also
there was a significant increas in the mean
values of the mean corpuscular values (MCV),
while there was no difference in (MCHC,
MCH). This indicated evidence of macrocytic
normochromic anemia. Arslan and Shukur
(1994) reported that the hematological findings
showed a significant decrease in RBC, Hb
concentration, PCV, and MCHC. No changes in
MCV and MCH values were noted. Anemia was
found to be normocytic hypochrpmic type. Total
and differential leukocyte count showed no
significant changes. Yousif et al. (1983) found
macrocytic hypochromic type anemia (PCV
23.4% instead of 32.3%) in the healthy goats in,
a flock of goats of local breed in Iraq infected
with A. ovis. Barry and Van Niekerk (1990)
found macrocytic hypochromic anemia with A.
ovis in boar goats. Alsaad et al. (2009) indicated
that blood parasitic infection of blood
parameters as total red blood cells, haemoglobin
concentration, packed cell volume significantly
decreased at level (P< 0.05) beside the
significant increase at level (P< 0.05) in the
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and
anemia of different types were also recorded
depending on the type of infection macrocytic
hypochromic anemia in theleria infection and
normocytic normochromic anemia in babesia
infection.
Losos (1986) mentioned the pattern of
anemia in anaplasma as a progressive anemia
which is initially normocytic and later becomes
macrocytic, with compensatory hyperplasia of
bone marrow, granulocytosis, reticulocytosis,
increased mean corpuscular cell volume, and
increased osmotic fragility of erythrocytes. Red
blood cells are removed by phagocytosis and the
reticuloenothelial system, primarily in spleen
removal of the red blood cells rather than
intravascular hemolysis accounts for the absence
of hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria. Rapid
destruction of red blood cells and low hematocrit
levels are accompanied by degeneration of
paranchymatous organ. Other, explained that the
pathogenesis of anemia could not be directly
correlated to the cell injury due to invasion of