PLANNING FOR A SUSTAINABLE EUROPE? - TU Berlin

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and capture the most important strands of argumentation. Needless to say, the following
categorizations are ideal-typical distinctions, and most researchers, policy-makers and
activists do not necessarily fit neatly into one of the categories. The environmental
movement, for example, is particularly torn between different strategies, with an
increasing tendency to adhere to more mainstream (i.e. ecological or reflexive
modernization) strategies in recent years (cf. Mol 2000, also see discussions below).
Each section in this chapter begins with a general description of the approach,
followed by an analysis of its more transport-specific elements drawing mainly from
academic literature and, where appropriate, selectively from NGO policy statements. I
also identify the key adherents to each approach. Chapter 5 will then review the most
important EU policy statements in the area of sustainable development and transport in
order to show the EU’s overall bias towards the discursive framework of ecological
modernization.