PLANNING FOR A SUSTAINABLE EUROPE? - TU Berlin

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First, as far as funding for the TINA networks is concerned, one needs to keep in
mind that although international finance has been available for many projects located in
the key TINA corridors, the CEE countries themselves will still be left with vast majority
of the overall investment burden. A few numbers suffice to illustrate this: according to
the TINA Final Report, the total assessed infrastructure needs from 2000 to 2015 amount
to € 36.42 billion in Poland and € 10.16 billion in Hungary, thus theoretically requiring
average annual investments in the amount of € 2.28 billion in Poland and € 635.38
million in Hungary to bring transport infrastructures up to the desired level until 2015.
Investments for the Helsinki corridors alone would require average annual investments in
the amount of € 607 million rail sector and € 784 million road sector investment in
Poland, as well as € 182 million rail sector and € 240 million road sector investments in
Hungary. By contrast, past funding records show that between 1990 and 2000, Poland
was only able to attract an average amount of € 150 to 200 million a year for TINA type
infrastructure investments from international institutions, and Hungary only attracted
about an average € 80-100 million a year. 9
So in the end international funding only ever
covers a fraction of CEEC infrastructure needs. More importantly, IFI assistance comes
largely in the form of loans that will have to be paid back by the governments.
Second, the TINA estimations also show that the road sector should receive no
more than 49%, i.e. less than half of all funds in Poland or Hungary, while the rail sector
should receive at least 40% of all TINA-type infrastructure investments. Contrary to this,
until 2000, the EIB, the EBRD and the World Bank allocated about 70% of their
combined funds in the TINA networks to the road sector. There has thus been a strong
bias towards road investments in past international lending (also see Figure A.1). Many
9 These figures were calculated using data listed in the tables in Annex I and in the TINA Final Report.