PLANNING FOR A SUSTAINABLE EUROPE? - TU Berlin

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219 Printed on Thursday, October 31, 2002 CHAPTER 6 Three Leitbilder and Four Spatial Storylines for EU Transport Infrastructure Investments 6.1 Introduction..................................................................................................... 220 6.2 Three Overarching Leitbilder for EU Decision-Making ................................ 222 6.2.1 Defining Leitbilder (Guiding Visions).................................................... 222 6.2.2 Integration (Deepening).......................................................................... 225 6.2.3 Enlargement (Widening)......................................................................... 227 6.2.4 Sustainability........................................................................................... 228 6.3 Four Spatial Storylines For EU Transport Infrastructure Investments ........... 231 6.3.1 Defining “Spatial Storylines” ................................................................. 231 6.3.2 The Context: The Trans-European Transport Networks (TENs) ........... 233 6.3.3 Cohesion ................................................................................................. 236 6.3.4 Polycentricity.......................................................................................... 247 6.3.5 Missing Links.......................................................................................... 254 6.3.6 Bottlenecks.............................................................................................. 262 6.4 Conclusions: The Challenge of Prioritizing Investments ............................... 265
220 6.1 Introduction So far, I traced the contradictions and biases in key EU documents seeking to define sustainable development, sustainable transport and sustainable mobility and thereby demonstrated the conflicted nature of the concept of sustainability. I also pinpointed the EU’s general, growth-oriented, eco-modernist approach to transport policy-making and set it in relation to other, alternative discursive frameworks. The previous chapter then provided a text-oriented discourse analysis of key EU policy statements on transport, sustainability and land use. This present chapter will continue this discourse-focused analysis by exploring how growth and efficiency-oriented arguments play out in the more specific arena of EU transport infrastructure investment policies and programs. Given the challenges of multi-level governance and multi-location politics, it is always quite difficult, if not to say impossible, for any one stakeholder or group to push through their particular decision-making agenda without first forging alliances with other groups. This present chapter will elaborate on the topic of the EU’s power-knowledgenexus by taking a thematic approach. Rather than concentrate on particular stakeholders, I will instead focus on particular visions and themes that have been formulated with regard to transport-sector infrastructure support at the European level. I identify three overarching visions, or Leitbilder, and four “spatial storylines” justifying EU transport infrastructure investments. The key insight, taken from Foucauldian discourse theory, is that the investment-related “storylines” most likely have not been formulated by any one identifiable author / stakeholder alone, but are instead to be understood as the result of
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PLANNING FOR A SUSTAINABLE EUROPE?
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ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Planni
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My thanks are due
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract Acknowle
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7.7 Conclusions and Consequences 30
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LIST OF FIGURES Figures Page 1.1 Ke
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2 1.1 In Search of a Sustainable Tr
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4 well as ideological ones. Serious
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6 1.3 Situating the Study within th
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8 makes it much more difficult to d
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10 national institution whose legit
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12 Table 1.1: The Three Levels of E
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14 Case studies are often accused o
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16 In adapting this concept of “m
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18 1.6 Personal Motivations for Cho
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20 qualifying as “unbiased” is
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22 Union transport decision-making,
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24 consistent with the needs assess
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26 I structured the resulting inqui
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28 decision-makers. But when focusi
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30 influence of the EU in the candi
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32 on multi-location politicking an
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34 and related propositions form th
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36 information, and evasion of publ
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38 maintenance and construction cos
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40 Printed on October 31, 2002 Last
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42 relationship between transport,
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44 elements are knowledge control,
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46 2.2.2 Macroeconomic aspects of t
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48 existing businesses is reduced.
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50 the qualitative aspects of the i
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52 European researchers warned that
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54 In examining the difficult quest
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56 activity from one place to anoth
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58 The earliest meaning of sustain
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60 The underdevelopment debates of
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62 Kousis et al. 1997) makes the im
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64 to other social scientists. For
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66 Figure 2.2 The Three Dimensions
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68 A recent definition provided by
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70 The Vancouver principles are als
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72 2.5 Two Ill-Defined Concepts? We
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74 “We are all Greens now” unat
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76 a frequently quoted definition,
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78 concept aims to integrate aspect
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80 influence is reflected in severa
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83 and policy-making. For these Hab
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85 Pointing to the ultimate conting
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87 Allmendinger (2002b:77), in a re
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89 everything but one-sided interpr
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91 green consciousness” as the re
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93 course, also scholars propagatin
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95 practitioners and a majority of
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97 strongly agree with these author
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99 Instead, Baker et al. subsumes t
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101 policy analysts to built scient
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103 beliefs, notions of validity an
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105 Printed Thursday, October 31, 2
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107 and capture the most important
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109 4.2 Ecological Modernization: T
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111 modernization as “the discour
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113 metabolism, implies major or ba
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115 defining it as one of two theor
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117 modernization is about “what
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119 and World Bank-funded Global En
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121 The automobile lobby, of course
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123 external environmental and soci
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125 The Australian planning theoris
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127 responsible for rising levels o
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129 principle) for the development
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131 automobility as part and parcel
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133 company Deutsche Bahn is now of
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135 In related studies, car acciden
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137 (2001:2) recently summarized:
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139 excellent, discourse- and rheto
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141 investments in Central Europe.
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143 the “communicative rationalit
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145 by government regulation and fu
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147 industry (certain segments), bi
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149 Table 4.3 “Brown” Agenda ve
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151 or the European Investment Bank
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153 sustainable transport. Quoting
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155 “on the move” while the wea
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157 higher levels of education and
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159 In sum, political economy argum
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161 Table 4.4 The Eight Points of D
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163 International, for example, dem
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165 regions in the world and the ge
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167 Man on a bicycle can go three o
Page 180 and 181: 169 Policy arguments in favor for l
Page 182 and 183: 171 infrastructures with regard to
Page 184 and 185: 173 controversial, issue, since man
Page 186 and 187: 175 Last modified on September 20,
Page 188 and 189: 177 on EU Research Framework Progra
Page 190 and 191: 179 development (March 1995) stress
Page 192 and 193: 181 5.2.3 From the Maastricht Treat
Page 194 and 195: 183 The 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam (T
Page 196 and 197: 185 The 1998 Decision is particular
Page 198 and 199: 187 developments.” This de-coupli
Page 200 and 201: 189 environmentalists also strongly
Page 202 and 203: 191 directly focus on transport iss
Page 204 and 205: 193 foods and subsidized intensive
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Page 208 and 209: 197 in the medium to long term due
Page 210 and 211: 199 document stands out in that it
Page 212 and 213: 201 improving quality,” and “im
Page 214 and 215: 203 infrastructure charging systems
Page 216 and 217: 205 For example, the new White Pape
Page 218 and 219: 207 This online refusal to consider
Page 220 and 221: 209 are seen as being intimately re
Page 222 and 223: 211 transport-related policies, the
Page 224 and 225: 213 5.5 The EU’s Research Framewo
Page 226 and 227: 215 Table 5.2 Transport-relevant Re
Page 228 and 229: 217 perhaps should not, be united i
Page 232 and 233: 221 longstanding, ongoing and mutua
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Page 236 and 237: 225 contradictions of EU decision-m
Page 238 and 239: 227 6.2.3 Enlargement (Widening) Th
Page 240 and 241: 229 sustainability is necessarily b
Page 242 and 243: 231 four poorest member states (Gre
Page 244 and 245: 233 creator of an idea or storyline
Page 246 and 247: 235 The 1990s saw the start of the
Page 248 and 249: 237 the poorer member states to agr
Page 250 and 251: 239 A Cohesion Fund set up by the C
Page 252 and 253: 241 importance of economies of scal
Page 254 and 255: 243 more precise, less optimistic a
Page 256 and 257: 245 based European Federation for T
Page 258 and 259: 247 look at the situation in the Ea
Page 260 and 261: 249 Figure 6.3 The Blue Banana I: A
Page 262 and 263: 251 at the Informal Council of Mini
Page 264 and 265: 253 urban systems are to be found i
Page 266 and 267: 255 In particular, ERT’s 1984 rep
Page 268 and 269: 257 ERT soon created the myth that
Page 270 and 271: 259 Regardless of these different m
Page 272 and 273: 261 Once the “Missing Links” st
Page 274 and 275: 263 most simple form, it is an unqu
Page 276 and 277: 265 For roads, it might be a bypass
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269 dissenters of the view that reg
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271 Printed Sunday, November 17, 20
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273 between member states, and pros
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275 having been an intergovernmenta
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277 links are investigated in any f
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279 selection, there was no actual
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281 European ministerial meeting pr
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283 25,310 km for the rail sector a
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285 7.4 The Transport Infrastructur
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287 of the politically defined corr
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289 Figure 7.5 TINA Rail Network So
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291 Figure 7.7 TINA Network Hungary
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293 It is our opinion that the TINA
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295 In Poland, internationally reno
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297 example, the range was in fact
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299 The question of priorities is s
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301 actual choice considering futur
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303 projects and the overall develo
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305 jeopardizing international fund
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307 Figure 7.9 Proposed Hungarian T
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309 In the case of the TINA exercis
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311 With regard to the TINA exercis
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313 Printed on Sunday, November 17,
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315 evaluation. 2 What is possible,
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317 hundreds of EU regulations, dir
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319 First, as far as funding for th
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321 8.2.2 EU Transport Sector Grant
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323 countries will increase substan
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325 is also an explicit goal. The g
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327 1. The Community assistance fin
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329 During the High-Level Meeting i
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331 MTME 1995) was elaborated in 19
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333 In fact, the World Bank agreed
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335 However, due to renewed shifts
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337 describes Polish transport sect
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339 that had previously received mo
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341 Committee, i.e. well over half
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343 moderate increase in private ve
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345 As far as mode specific details
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347 Hungarian National ISPA Strateg
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349 Table 8.4 The Széchenyi Plan
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351 construction contracts, and non
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353 There are thirteen [road sector
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355 Table 8.5 Overview of ISPA Tran
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357 most of the more problematic ch
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359 more up to the CEEC to make sur
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361 new infrastructures, regardless
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363 9.1 Introduction: The Significa
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365 reinvigorated calls to build th
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367 9.2.2 The Northern Section: A h
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369 the environment and living cond
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371 are then listed within the four
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373 more progressive variant of the
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375 9.4 Local and International Pro
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377 The permission plan and the EIA
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379 since only citizens or legal pe
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381 environmental matter. Moreover,
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383 9.5.5 Reexamining the impact of
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385 Orbital motorways do not necess
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387 At this point, a suitable defin
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389 Besides retail and industrial p
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391 Figure 9.2 New construction of
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393 city still shows a strong upwar
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395 Figure 9.8 Budapest’s “Stra
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397 upgrades in and around the Hung
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399 infrastructures, including the
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401 Printed on November 17, 2002 La
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403 challenging and re-evaluating p
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405 10.2 Summary of Previous Chapte
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407 contradictory and ultimately as
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409 storylines are closely aligned
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411 internationally-linked priority
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413 In Chapter 9, I looked at the M
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415 guideposts for interpreting rea
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417 explanations of why “in the e
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419 How far this leverage is then p
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421 decision-making, and instead re
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423 or “congestion.” This is wh
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425 concentration of economic activ
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427 10.4.1 Taking Action on Strateg
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429 brought forward not only by man
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431 Table 10.1 A Two-Dimensional
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433 space. Transport loans are usua
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435 APPENDICES, GLOSSARY, BIBLIOGRA
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437 Table A.2 EIB Transport Loans t
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439 Table A.4 EBRD and IBRD Transpo
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441 Annex II: List of Key Contacts
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443 CEC Tom Robbert SCR, EU lending
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445 NGO Hana Rihkovsky Comm. of Eur
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447 ”Poverty Alleviation through
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449 Annotated Glossary of Terms, Ac
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451 competitiveness and growth of E
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453 Pan-European Corridors See “H
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455 Bibliography Aglietta, M. (1979
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457 the Infrastructure Studies Grou
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459 Centre For European Policy Stud
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461 —— (2001a). A Sustainable E
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463 Dierkes, M., U. Hoffmann, et al
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465 European Parliament. European R
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467 Münster, Lit Verlag. Giunta, A
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469 Henderson, K., Ed. (1999). Back
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471 Kesselring, S. (2001). Mobile P
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473 Race and Class Barriers to Mobi
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475 Europe: a cross-national compar
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477 Studies 36(11): 1849-1858. Prug
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479 Transport Reviews 20(3): 369-38
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481 Future. New York, United Nation
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483 DEIKE PETERS EDUCATION: CURRICU
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