P. Derek Overfield PhD Thesis - Research@StAndrews:FullText

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CHAPTER 1 1. INTRODUCTION Eph 1:20-23 relates, by means of statements which have every appearance of being traditional in the early Church, an ascension theology. Our intention in this first chapter is to examine these traditional statements so that we may be able to understand the author's view of the ascension. We have two basic questions to ask 'How did the author understand the ascension?' and, 'In his use of traditional statements did the author intend that any particular designation or title was to be associated with the ascended Christ?' Before we can begin to provide answers to these questions we must determine the limits of the traditions employed and the presuppositions, if any, that these traditions carried with them. 2. EPH 1:20-23 IN CONTEXT 2.1 An Independent Pericope? Eph 1:15-23 is one continuous Greek sentence and is therefore quite obviously intend~d by the author to be understood as a unity.l The general theme of the pericope is that of thanksgiving and intercession and the language and style is such -1-
that many have drawn attention to the prayer or hyronlike structure of the pericope. 2 But it is not a prayer as suchr none of the pericopes generally regarded as prayers in the Pauline corpus moves into a discussion of doctrinal matter as does vv. 20ff. 3 Pauline prayers express a concern for the fruits of the Gospel that are present in the church to which he is writing, as well as his hopes and intentions for his followers. Vv. l7:"19a contain, in terms more general than specific, a summary of the prayers which the author continually makes for his readers. Neither is the passage, in whole or part, • a hymn. One of the criteria for distinguishing hyronic quotations employed in a text from those parts of the' text which are the author~ own composition is that the citations would generally be expected to show differences in both language and style from that of the author. 4 This is certainly not the case with the pericope in question1 the language and thought of many of the phrases of the pericope, particularly 5 vv. 20ff, are repeated elsewhere in the epistle, especially significant is the repetition of the language and thought of vv. 20ff in 2:1_10. 6 More significant . however is the fact that much of the language and thought of vv. 20ff is found elsewhere in the NT in passages which, in the majority of instances, are not, in the opinion of any major exegete, hymnic. 7 Now, this counts decisively against seeing vv. 15-23 as hyronic since it is precisely in vv. 20ff, in the -2-
Page 1 and 2: THE ASCENSION, PLEROMA AND ECCLESIA
Page 3 and 4: An ABSTRACT of a thesis entitled Th
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS Curriculum Vitae Dedicatio
Page 7 and 8: DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated
Page 9: LXX NRT NT NTS RB RSO RGG RHPR SBL
Page 13 and 14: is concerned with the relationship
Page 15 and 16: tepx.of.1fyo", of 2:7 is intended t
Page 17 and 18: of a realised eschatology.18 In tha
Page 19 and 20: 3. THE TRADITIONSGESCHICHTE 3.1 Lit
Page 21 and 22: only other transitive use of the sa
Page 23 and 24: Acts 2:33 also provides us with ano
Page 25 and 26: citation in it and in Eph 1:22. 34
Page 27 and 28: 'realised' is tenable, that the dev
Page 29 and 30: the Pauline concept of a victorious
Page 31 and 32: Col 1:15ff is, as far as Colossians
Page 33 and 34: in which case the ~~~p serves to co
Page 35 and 36: Thus far we have attempted to show
Page 37 and 38: to the understanding which comes fr
Page 39 and 40: the author in presenting the ascens
Page 41 and 42: 3.4.2. Acts 1:9-11 Lohfink 72 has d
Page 43 and 44: frequently in Acts. 75 It is only i
Page 45 and 46: NT and Jewish sources such that we
Page 47 and 48: concluding with F. Hahn 94 that Ps
Page 49 and 50: us to conclude that here the psalm
Page 51 and 52: In Jewish sources the messianic int
Page 53 and 54: Gen R. 85:9 (on Gen 38:18) 'And he
Page 55 and 56: motif was not universally part of t
Page 57 and 58: Before leaving the citation in Hebr
Page 59 and 60: istic eschatological context. 122 I
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In all these citations two things a
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made in an earlier tradition. Furth
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in the opinion of the author, Ps 10
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conclude that the particular value
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There is a radical difference betwe
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a promise. The motif analysis of Ac
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preted in the light of Davidic Mess
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in their agreement they differ from
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147 powers, though both forms occur
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description of an event having mere
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a verse very similar in part to Act
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in 'Mk' 16:9-20; Lk 24:50-53 and Ac
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parousia, in which Christ will part
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implies that the ascension is to be
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The language employed by the author
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y the use of Dan 7:13. P · 1 d 173
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It is possible of course to explain
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5:5, contains both Jew and Gentile
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The author then sees the fulfillmen
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8The Christology of Early Jewish Ch
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24J •A• Allen liThe 'in Christ'
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40. cY'ltepa.\I(I) occurs only here
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54Cf for example, J. He'ring i' Kyr
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7lCf P. Schubert liThe Structure an
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87This is frequently the case with
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990 • Linton "The Trial of Jesus
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118 Th " h "" f t " ~s p rase ~s ~n
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140Cf Rom 6:10; 1 Cor 15:20ff, 2 Co
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l6lR • T• Lincoln Ope cit. p.48
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l81See above n.96. 182 See n.16l ab
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author returns to the original them
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T~is then being the case, it is con
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Ps 68: 18 known to the author of th
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2.2 Ps 67 in the New Testament : Tw
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other \-lay) , it is never connecte
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The first point of contact between
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This is the weakest similarity to w
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other piece in the Psalter offers t
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which speaks of I gifts' (-11J""\!J
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Moses. Since, as we have already se
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elevant to our concern. According t
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There are two possible subjects for
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We have already offered some commen
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83 061-la. D!J;pov is otherwise alm
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, the author is stating his claim t
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and if the latter is the case we ca
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the author's text and citation bein
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that cosmic or supernatural powers
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'disarming' • If Christ is the su
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3. PS 67:19 AND ITS INTERPRETATIVE
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"Behold the nations and see, marvel
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the first of these phrases restrict
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3.2.1. In both LXX and in secular l
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technicus for the ascension, partic
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0 " . wor d xa/~a.pa.1. V€lV lS a
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figure; 10:7-31 and 11:24_26. 149 B
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Hermetic literature. lS8 This last
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which itself could well be contempo
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Despite the criticisms pointed to a
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Ch . t' h 181 rlS lan p enomenon. F
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the self-abasement of the Incarnati
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as for example that pu-t forward by
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their understanding of the ascent o
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MSS and inserted into X and C by co
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to support such a judgment. Mfp~ ha
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Pentecost were 29, 68 and the lesso
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etween Ephesians cannot be substant
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circle he gives the capacity to gro
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the ascenaea.e ~ ~ R d eemer t:o ''
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in Eph 4:8~10, that of an interpret
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The second piece o~ evidence is con
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e eXer 2i sing autr-lori ty in -che
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llLindars, OPt cit. p.52, commentin
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23Lindars does not elaborate on how
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adduced, namely that in Eph 4:8 the
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50 llThe Descent of Christ in Ephes
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67 A s, y4p' for example, in 1 Cor
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87 Rev 11:10. It also has this mean
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'to lead someone captive in a trium
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etween the PT and Rom 10:6-8. He co
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The significance of this is intensi
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l49A sindlar descent is described i
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163But cf J .M. Creed, "The Heavenl
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180Ibid p.19. Schrnithals cites Gal
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20lCffor example the commentaries c
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2140p• cit. p.539. 215It is doubt
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CI--:lA?TER 3 -,,------ ItITRODDCTI
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- th t t ~ - 1 . 4 5 . . - such as
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~\~pn,; Mt 14:20; as in the paralle
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number', and is thus equivalent to
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the OT - and this is in line with t
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is rarely if ever used reflexively
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. t t t' 29 1n erpre a 10n. We acce
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more apparent than it was real. 33
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is notoriously difficult to ascerta
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or at least were familiar with the
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corporate solution offers us some d
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sufficient to say at this point tha
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(v.22) and thus is intended to expo
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63 where, at least so Ernst argues
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means that we have to provide an ex
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y the believer (2:6f). In this exal
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potentia) by one who has fulfilled
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of is either the 'fulness of divine
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Imana which lives in us l (r.G. 287
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author writes. This view would seem
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2.4.3. Eph 4:10-13 We have argued i
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that confronts us in the first phra
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words in the citation are and it is
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used by the Gnostics and each denot
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of the Pleroma that we can build up
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the fully explicated manifestation
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We have already rejected the argume
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the fulfillment of diakonia and by
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1Cf..'l1P~O:to~ 'toU Xp~O"'to{1 as
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3.1 Jewish Sources 3.1.1 The Wisdom
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author goes on to suggest that sinc
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and content of the Philonic citatio
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nificant because, as we have alread
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argument is the Targum to 1 Kings 8
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, 134 same connection, namely 6:10,
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138 possibilities find scholarly su
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••• In the world death has ce
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nicht erkl~rt. Vor allem wird er Ko
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is highly unlikely that Christ can
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Adv Haer I, 12.3 There is great con
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evidence is stronger in that both t
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There is also a totally different l
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Certainly such ideas as expressed i
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5. UAHP2MA . ITS THEOLOGICAL SIGNIF
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ment is ecclesiological and is not
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l3Cf E. Lohmeyer, Markusevangelium,
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32Colossians, pp.92-4. 33It must be
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51A•R • McGlashan, "EpheElians
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69 Cf 2 Cor 8:2. On this cf Percy,
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99Refutatio VI, 29.7; Eug 86f. 100A
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128J • Dupont, Gnosis, Louvain: 1
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154English translations from Foerst
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Our procedure will be as follows. F
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subordination texts at issue are 1
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Exactly the same question can now b
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in the metaphor which Paul is expou
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as a title~ indeed we can say more:
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he is head by virtue of some other
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. than has the genitive constructio
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.29 , all things are now in subject
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is the xElpa;x'f} of v .15: it is a
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or at least its verbal form, is use
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5. THE NATURE OF THE BODY Although
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intended to express both messianic
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assumed to have appeared ll , Best,
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30Cf above pp. 218f. 31Cf below pp.
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where these components were otherwi
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discussion7 he writes: 7 "From a st
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instructed them in the hope centred
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the same way as in 5:2 the author h
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where a.~'tof1 should be taken as r
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Adamic speculation does lie behind
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time when the Jewish Christians, of
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But what, we must ask, precisely is
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(wi th reference to 1: 3) : IIOffen
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provides him with the justification
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of Ephesians what is significant is
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the Church and world may be co-term
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There are also within the epistle i
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The h Xp,~ formula occurs some 35 t
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all these is the idea of the believ
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Church; but again here the author i
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140p.Cit., p.135; cf Rom 8:11; 1 Co
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specifically those who are newly ba
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. ·IT)O'01Y ,coming as it does aft
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In some respects the manner in whic
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to say, that in every instance the
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the Damascus road. If Luke is corre
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theology and thought it to be signi
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tion. But at this point Davies atte
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in Acts i.1-9". Although it is prob
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efers to the post-resurrection exis
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2.10 Jn 20:17 Much of the difficult
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described in the Old Testament, tha
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of ascension is 'unfinished' in tha
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understands that the appearance of
Page 425 and 426:
The problem here of course centres
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on the same day and it is likely th
Page 429 and 430:
Wherefore are ye corne? Whom seek y
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oth are understood as being process
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In the post-Apostolic texts discuss
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to read the prophecies in which all
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in the same text to a resurrection
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In Dial 87 Justin cites the same ps
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The author does not provide us with
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But this view is called into questi
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eference to Ps 67:19 is Adv Haer II
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In the writings of TERTULLIAN 84 we
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Of all the citations of Ps 67:19 in
Page 451 and 452:
Two points are of interest here. Fi
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It is now generally agreed that thi
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IThiS time span is, to a large meas
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26Cf E. Schweizer, "Two New Testame
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43The same theological pOint is mad
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67So Charles, ibid. 68 Apol 1:21,31
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89Danielou, OPe cit., p.249, prefer
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In 1:20ff the ascension is expresse
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Ps 67:19 that the author uses thoug
Page 469 and 470:
of departure for his discussion of
Page 471 and 472:
Ascension of Isaiah) and to the lat
Page 473 and 474:
Benoit, P. Berthelot, A. liThe Asce
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II TDNT 1, pp. 689-719. Theology of
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Davies, W.D. "Knowledge in the Dead
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Fitzmyer, J.A. "Further Light on Me
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Hayes, J.H. Helrnbold, A.K. Henneck
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Kfunrnel, W. G. Larranaga, V. Laute
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liThe Ascension and Exaltation of C
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Per1er, D. Perrin, N. Pesch, R. Peu
Page 489 and 490:
Principalities and Powers in the Ne
Page 491 and 492:
Synge, F.C. Talbert, C. "Mark II:21
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P. Derek Overfield PhD Thesis - Research@StAndrews:FullText

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