P. Derek Overfield PhD Thesis - Research@StAndrews:FullText

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elationship is explained in some detail in 4:l0b-16: as head of the Church Christ is its life-giving source. is not intended to be understood organically and neither is its prime significance that of metaphor; it is best interpreted as the author's christological title for the exalted Lord. Our examination of the ascension theme in the epistle, the results of which we have just outlined and summarised, revealed a number of what we have teLmed 'component parts' of the ascension theme and further examination of the epistle showed that these also played an important role in the overall theological outlook of the author. Particularly significant in this respect is the author's understanding of Christ in terms of the Messiah. Our final concern has been to attempt to place the Ephesian ascension theology in the wider context of the writings of the first two Christian centuries. Our examination demonstrated that the ascension theology of the epistle is not sui generis, the basic move from resurrection to exaltation is common to NT writings (Matt 28:18; Acts 2:32; Rom 1:3f, 14:9; 1 Cor 15:27; Col 1:18, 3:1; 1 Thess 1:10; 1 Peter 1:21, 3:22), to the works of the period of the Church Fathers (Ignatius, Barnabas, Gospel of Peter, -377-
Ascension of Isaiah) and to the later writings (Justin Martyr, Apology of Aristides (?), Irenaeus (in part), Tertullian (in part), De Resurrectione). Our investigation of the writings of this period also showed that the traditions used by the author of Ephesians were employed, though not with any great frequency, by some of the authors already referred to, particul,arly Ascension of Isaiah XI, 32, Dial 32 (both making use of Ps 109 :1) and Dial 39, 87; Dero 83; Adv Haer II, 20.3; Adv Marc V.viii,S, xviii,S). Although the ascension theology of the author of the epistle to the Ephesians stands in general agreement with both contemporary and later writings it is nevertheless true that the author of the epistle has made a unique contribution to the Church's understanding of the ascension theology; for him the exaltation of Christ is not an occurrence that is outside experience: it is essentially practical in that in his exaltation Christ has obtained for the believer participation in the eternal rule of God. -378-
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THE ASCENSION, PLEROMA AND ECCLESIA
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An ABSTRACT of a thesis entitled Th
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CONTENTS Curriculum Vitae Dedicatio
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DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated
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LXX NRT NT NTS RB RSO RGG RHPR SBL
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that many have drawn attention to t
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is concerned with the relationship
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tepx.of.1fyo", of 2:7 is intended t
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of a realised eschatology.18 In tha
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3. THE TRADITIONSGESCHICHTE 3.1 Lit
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only other transitive use of the sa
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Acts 2:33 also provides us with ano
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citation in it and in Eph 1:22. 34
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'realised' is tenable, that the dev
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the Pauline concept of a victorious
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Col 1:15ff is, as far as Colossians
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in which case the ~~~p serves to co
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Thus far we have attempted to show
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to the understanding which comes fr
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the author in presenting the ascens
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3.4.2. Acts 1:9-11 Lohfink 72 has d
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frequently in Acts. 75 It is only i
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NT and Jewish sources such that we
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concluding with F. Hahn 94 that Ps
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us to conclude that here the psalm
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In Jewish sources the messianic int
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Gen R. 85:9 (on Gen 38:18) 'And he
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motif was not universally part of t
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Before leaving the citation in Hebr
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istic eschatological context. 122 I
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In all these citations two things a
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made in an earlier tradition. Furth
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in the opinion of the author, Ps 10
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conclude that the particular value
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There is a radical difference betwe
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a promise. The motif analysis of Ac
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preted in the light of Davidic Mess
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in their agreement they differ from
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147 powers, though both forms occur
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description of an event having mere
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a verse very similar in part to Act
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in 'Mk' 16:9-20; Lk 24:50-53 and Ac
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parousia, in which Christ will part
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implies that the ascension is to be
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The language employed by the author
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y the use of Dan 7:13. P · 1 d 173
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It is possible of course to explain
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5:5, contains both Jew and Gentile
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The author then sees the fulfillmen
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8The Christology of Early Jewish Ch
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24J •A• Allen liThe 'in Christ'
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40. cY'ltepa.\I(I) occurs only here
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54Cf for example, J. He'ring i' Kyr
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7lCf P. Schubert liThe Structure an
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87This is frequently the case with
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990 • Linton "The Trial of Jesus
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118 Th " h "" f t " ~s p rase ~s ~n
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140Cf Rom 6:10; 1 Cor 15:20ff, 2 Co
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l6lR • T• Lincoln Ope cit. p.48
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l81See above n.96. 182 See n.16l ab
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author returns to the original them
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T~is then being the case, it is con
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Ps 68: 18 known to the author of th
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2.2 Ps 67 in the New Testament : Tw
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other \-lay) , it is never connecte
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The first point of contact between
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This is the weakest similarity to w
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other piece in the Psalter offers t
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which speaks of I gifts' (-11J""\!J
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Moses. Since, as we have already se
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elevant to our concern. According t
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There are two possible subjects for
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We have already offered some commen
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83 061-la. D!J;pov is otherwise alm
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, the author is stating his claim t
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and if the latter is the case we ca
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the author's text and citation bein
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that cosmic or supernatural powers
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'disarming' • If Christ is the su
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3. PS 67:19 AND ITS INTERPRETATIVE
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"Behold the nations and see, marvel
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the first of these phrases restrict
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3.2.1. In both LXX and in secular l
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technicus for the ascension, partic
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0 " . wor d xa/~a.pa.1. V€lV lS a
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figure; 10:7-31 and 11:24_26. 149 B
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Hermetic literature. lS8 This last
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which itself could well be contempo
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Despite the criticisms pointed to a
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Ch . t' h 181 rlS lan p enomenon. F
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the self-abasement of the Incarnati
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as for example that pu-t forward by
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their understanding of the ascent o
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MSS and inserted into X and C by co
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to support such a judgment. Mfp~ ha
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Pentecost were 29, 68 and the lesso
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etween Ephesians cannot be substant
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circle he gives the capacity to gro
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the ascenaea.e ~ ~ R d eemer t:o ''
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in Eph 4:8~10, that of an interpret
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The second piece o~ evidence is con
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e eXer 2i sing autr-lori ty in -che
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llLindars, OPt cit. p.52, commentin
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23Lindars does not elaborate on how
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adduced, namely that in Eph 4:8 the
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50 llThe Descent of Christ in Ephes
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67 A s, y4p' for example, in 1 Cor
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87 Rev 11:10. It also has this mean
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'to lead someone captive in a trium
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etween the PT and Rom 10:6-8. He co
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The significance of this is intensi
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l49A sindlar descent is described i
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163But cf J .M. Creed, "The Heavenl
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180Ibid p.19. Schrnithals cites Gal
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20lCffor example the commentaries c
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2140p• cit. p.539. 215It is doubt
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CI--:lA?TER 3 -,,------ ItITRODDCTI
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- th t t ~ - 1 . 4 5 . . - such as
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~\~pn,; Mt 14:20; as in the paralle
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number', and is thus equivalent to
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the OT - and this is in line with t
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is rarely if ever used reflexively
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. t t t' 29 1n erpre a 10n. We acce
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more apparent than it was real. 33
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is notoriously difficult to ascerta
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or at least were familiar with the
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corporate solution offers us some d
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sufficient to say at this point tha
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(v.22) and thus is intended to expo
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63 where, at least so Ernst argues
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means that we have to provide an ex
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y the believer (2:6f). In this exal
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potentia) by one who has fulfilled
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of is either the 'fulness of divine
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Imana which lives in us l (r.G. 287
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author writes. This view would seem
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2.4.3. Eph 4:10-13 We have argued i
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that confronts us in the first phra
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words in the citation are and it is
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used by the Gnostics and each denot
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of the Pleroma that we can build up
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the fully explicated manifestation
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We have already rejected the argume
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the fulfillment of diakonia and by
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1Cf..'l1P~O:to~ 'toU Xp~O"'to{1 as
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3.1 Jewish Sources 3.1.1 The Wisdom
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author goes on to suggest that sinc
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and content of the Philonic citatio
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nificant because, as we have alread
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argument is the Targum to 1 Kings 8
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, 134 same connection, namely 6:10,
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138 possibilities find scholarly su
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••• In the world death has ce
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nicht erkl~rt. Vor allem wird er Ko
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is highly unlikely that Christ can
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Adv Haer I, 12.3 There is great con
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evidence is stronger in that both t
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There is also a totally different l
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Certainly such ideas as expressed i
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5. UAHP2MA . ITS THEOLOGICAL SIGNIF
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ment is ecclesiological and is not
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l3Cf E. Lohmeyer, Markusevangelium,
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32Colossians, pp.92-4. 33It must be
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51A•R • McGlashan, "EpheElians
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69 Cf 2 Cor 8:2. On this cf Percy,
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99Refutatio VI, 29.7; Eug 86f. 100A
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128J • Dupont, Gnosis, Louvain: 1
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154English translations from Foerst
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Our procedure will be as follows. F
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subordination texts at issue are 1
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Exactly the same question can now b
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in the metaphor which Paul is expou
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as a title~ indeed we can say more:
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he is head by virtue of some other
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. than has the genitive constructio
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.29 , all things are now in subject
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is the xElpa;x'f} of v .15: it is a
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or at least its verbal form, is use
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5. THE NATURE OF THE BODY Although
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intended to express both messianic
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assumed to have appeared ll , Best,
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30Cf above pp. 218f. 31Cf below pp.
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where these components were otherwi
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discussion7 he writes: 7 "From a st
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instructed them in the hope centred
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the same way as in 5:2 the author h
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where a.~'tof1 should be taken as r
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Adamic speculation does lie behind
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time when the Jewish Christians, of
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But what, we must ask, precisely is
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(wi th reference to 1: 3) : IIOffen
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provides him with the justification
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of Ephesians what is significant is
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the Church and world may be co-term
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There are also within the epistle i
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The h Xp,~ formula occurs some 35 t
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all these is the idea of the believ
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Church; but again here the author i
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140p.Cit., p.135; cf Rom 8:11; 1 Co
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specifically those who are newly ba
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. ·IT)O'01Y ,coming as it does aft
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In some respects the manner in whic
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to say, that in every instance the
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the Damascus road. If Luke is corre
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theology and thought it to be signi
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tion. But at this point Davies atte
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in Acts i.1-9". Although it is prob
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efers to the post-resurrection exis
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2.10 Jn 20:17 Much of the difficult
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Page 425 and 426: The problem here of course centres
Page 427 and 428: on the same day and it is likely th
Page 429 and 430: Wherefore are ye corne? Whom seek y
Page 431 and 432: oth are understood as being process
Page 433 and 434: In the post-Apostolic texts discuss
Page 435 and 436: to read the prophecies in which all
Page 437 and 438: in the same text to a resurrection
Page 439 and 440: In Dial 87 Justin cites the same ps
Page 441 and 442: The author does not provide us with
Page 443 and 444: But this view is called into questi
Page 445 and 446: eference to Ps 67:19 is Adv Haer II
Page 447 and 448: In the writings of TERTULLIAN 84 we
Page 449 and 450: Of all the citations of Ps 67:19 in
Page 451 and 452: Two points are of interest here. Fi
Page 453 and 454: It is now generally agreed that thi
Page 455 and 456: IThiS time span is, to a large meas
Page 457 and 458: 26Cf E. Schweizer, "Two New Testame
Page 459 and 460: 43The same theological pOint is mad
Page 461 and 462: 67So Charles, ibid. 68 Apol 1:21,31
Page 463 and 464: 89Danielou, OPe cit., p.249, prefer
Page 465 and 466: In 1:20ff the ascension is expresse
Page 467 and 468: Ps 67:19 that the author uses thoug
Page 469: of departure for his discussion of
Page 473 and 474: Benoit, P. Berthelot, A. liThe Asce
Page 475 and 476: II TDNT 1, pp. 689-719. Theology of
Page 477 and 478: Davies, W.D. "Knowledge in the Dead
Page 479 and 480: Fitzmyer, J.A. "Further Light on Me
Page 481 and 482: Hayes, J.H. Helrnbold, A.K. Henneck
Page 483 and 484: Kfunrnel, W. G. Larranaga, V. Laute
Page 485 and 486: liThe Ascension and Exaltation of C
Page 487 and 488: Per1er, D. Perrin, N. Pesch, R. Peu
Page 489 and 490: Principalities and Powers in the Ne
Page 491 and 492: Synge, F.C. Talbert, C. "Mark II:21
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