P. Derek Overfield PhD Thesis - Research@StAndrews:FullText

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'things' (angels, authorities, powers), or 'the world' being subject to either God or Christ. 13l The concept implied by the verb is then religious rather than physical domination. is important for our argument: This preference Ps 109.lc was, in the tradition employed in Eph 1:20ff, no longer connected with the session motif, although it did in fact remain an authoritative strand of tradition. 132 The session motif was instead connected with Ps 8:6 which was a statement about the already realised Lordship of Christ, expressed in terms of the reverent obedience of the entire creation. It is precisely this that is envisaged as having taken place in Eph 1:20-23 and consequently the eschatological reservation that was held by Paul in 1 Cor l5:24ff has now been abandoned. That which was previously applied to the triumph of the parousia is now applied to the present kingdom. Ps 8 is not properly a messianic psalm as Ps 110 is, in interpretation if not in origin (see our examination of the psalm in Rabbinic tradition), but it has become so closely associated with the LXX form of Ps 110 that it has acquired what we might term a "christological character" through its use in expanding the christology formulated in the messianic Ps 110. Our examination of Ps 3 leads us to -57-
conclude that the particular value of this psalm for early christian writers was twofold: it allowed them to describe the resurrected Lord as the 'inclusive representative of redeemed humanity,133 and secondly, to clarify the cosmic implications of the universal Lordship of Christ and the total subjection of all powers. With this theological judgement in mind we can now move on to consider the christologies that are both explicit and implicit in the text in the light of the theological traditions that we have already examined. 5. TWO DEPENDENT CHRISTOLOGIES 5.1 An Enthronement Christology: Ps 109:1 Both Judaism and the Graeco-Roman world were f&~iliar with accounts of resurrection~ In general terms we can say that in Judaism resurrection was seen as an event that would be shared only by the righteous and would happen at the end of time. In contrast to the resurrection of the righteous the souls of the wicked would waste away and be no more. We may cite as an example 2 Macc 7:14 (NEB) 'Better to be killed by men and cherish God's promise to -58-
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THE ASCENSION, PLEROMA AND ECCLESIA
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An ABSTRACT of a thesis entitled Th
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CONTENTS Curriculum Vitae Dedicatio
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DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated
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LXX NRT NT NTS RB RSO RGG RHPR SBL
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that many have drawn attention to t
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is concerned with the relationship
Page 15 and 16: tepx.of.1fyo", of 2:7 is intended t
Page 17 and 18: of a realised eschatology.18 In tha
Page 19 and 20: 3. THE TRADITIONSGESCHICHTE 3.1 Lit
Page 21 and 22: only other transitive use of the sa
Page 23 and 24: Acts 2:33 also provides us with ano
Page 25 and 26: citation in it and in Eph 1:22. 34
Page 27 and 28: 'realised' is tenable, that the dev
Page 29 and 30: the Pauline concept of a victorious
Page 31 and 32: Col 1:15ff is, as far as Colossians
Page 33 and 34: in which case the ~~~p serves to co
Page 35 and 36: Thus far we have attempted to show
Page 37 and 38: to the understanding which comes fr
Page 39 and 40: the author in presenting the ascens
Page 41 and 42: 3.4.2. Acts 1:9-11 Lohfink 72 has d
Page 43 and 44: frequently in Acts. 75 It is only i
Page 45 and 46: NT and Jewish sources such that we
Page 47 and 48: concluding with F. Hahn 94 that Ps
Page 49 and 50: us to conclude that here the psalm
Page 51 and 52: In Jewish sources the messianic int
Page 53 and 54: Gen R. 85:9 (on Gen 38:18) 'And he
Page 55 and 56: motif was not universally part of t
Page 57 and 58: Before leaving the citation in Hebr
Page 59 and 60: istic eschatological context. 122 I
Page 61 and 62: In all these citations two things a
Page 63 and 64: made in an earlier tradition. Furth
Page 65: in the opinion of the author, Ps 10
Page 69 and 70: There is a radical difference betwe
Page 71 and 72: a promise. The motif analysis of Ac
Page 73 and 74: preted in the light of Davidic Mess
Page 75 and 76: in their agreement they differ from
Page 77 and 78: 147 powers, though both forms occur
Page 79 and 80: description of an event having mere
Page 81 and 82: a verse very similar in part to Act
Page 83 and 84: in 'Mk' 16:9-20; Lk 24:50-53 and Ac
Page 85 and 86: parousia, in which Christ will part
Page 87 and 88: implies that the ascension is to be
Page 89 and 90: The language employed by the author
Page 91 and 92: y the use of Dan 7:13. P · 1 d 173
Page 93 and 94: It is possible of course to explain
Page 95 and 96: 5:5, contains both Jew and Gentile
Page 97 and 98: The author then sees the fulfillmen
Page 99 and 100: 8The Christology of Early Jewish Ch
Page 101 and 102: 24J •A• Allen liThe 'in Christ'
Page 103 and 104: 40. cY'ltepa.\I(I) occurs only here
Page 105 and 106: 54Cf for example, J. He'ring i' Kyr
Page 107 and 108: 7lCf P. Schubert liThe Structure an
Page 109 and 110: 87This is frequently the case with
Page 111 and 112: 990 • Linton "The Trial of Jesus
Page 113 and 114: 118 Th " h "" f t " ~s p rase ~s ~n
Page 115 and 116: 140Cf Rom 6:10; 1 Cor 15:20ff, 2 Co
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l6lR • T• Lincoln Ope cit. p.48
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l81See above n.96. 182 See n.16l ab
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author returns to the original them
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T~is then being the case, it is con
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Ps 68: 18 known to the author of th
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2.2 Ps 67 in the New Testament : Tw
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other \-lay) , it is never connecte
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The first point of contact between
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This is the weakest similarity to w
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other piece in the Psalter offers t
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which speaks of I gifts' (-11J""\!J
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Moses. Since, as we have already se
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elevant to our concern. According t
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There are two possible subjects for
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We have already offered some commen
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83 061-la. D!J;pov is otherwise alm
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, the author is stating his claim t
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and if the latter is the case we ca
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the author's text and citation bein
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that cosmic or supernatural powers
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'disarming' • If Christ is the su
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3. PS 67:19 AND ITS INTERPRETATIVE
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"Behold the nations and see, marvel
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the first of these phrases restrict
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3.2.1. In both LXX and in secular l
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technicus for the ascension, partic
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0 " . wor d xa/~a.pa.1. V€lV lS a
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figure; 10:7-31 and 11:24_26. 149 B
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Hermetic literature. lS8 This last
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which itself could well be contempo
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Despite the criticisms pointed to a
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Ch . t' h 181 rlS lan p enomenon. F
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the self-abasement of the Incarnati
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as for example that pu-t forward by
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their understanding of the ascent o
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MSS and inserted into X and C by co
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to support such a judgment. Mfp~ ha
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Pentecost were 29, 68 and the lesso
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etween Ephesians cannot be substant
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circle he gives the capacity to gro
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the ascenaea.e ~ ~ R d eemer t:o ''
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in Eph 4:8~10, that of an interpret
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The second piece o~ evidence is con
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e eXer 2i sing autr-lori ty in -che
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llLindars, OPt cit. p.52, commentin
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23Lindars does not elaborate on how
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adduced, namely that in Eph 4:8 the
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50 llThe Descent of Christ in Ephes
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67 A s, y4p' for example, in 1 Cor
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87 Rev 11:10. It also has this mean
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'to lead someone captive in a trium
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etween the PT and Rom 10:6-8. He co
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The significance of this is intensi
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l49A sindlar descent is described i
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163But cf J .M. Creed, "The Heavenl
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180Ibid p.19. Schrnithals cites Gal
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20lCffor example the commentaries c
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2140p• cit. p.539. 215It is doubt
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CI--:lA?TER 3 -,,------ ItITRODDCTI
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- th t t ~ - 1 . 4 5 . . - such as
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~\~pn,; Mt 14:20; as in the paralle
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number', and is thus equivalent to
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the OT - and this is in line with t
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is rarely if ever used reflexively
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. t t t' 29 1n erpre a 10n. We acce
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more apparent than it was real. 33
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is notoriously difficult to ascerta
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or at least were familiar with the
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corporate solution offers us some d
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sufficient to say at this point tha
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(v.22) and thus is intended to expo
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63 where, at least so Ernst argues
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means that we have to provide an ex
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y the believer (2:6f). In this exal
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potentia) by one who has fulfilled
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of is either the 'fulness of divine
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Imana which lives in us l (r.G. 287
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author writes. This view would seem
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2.4.3. Eph 4:10-13 We have argued i
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that confronts us in the first phra
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words in the citation are and it is
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used by the Gnostics and each denot
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of the Pleroma that we can build up
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the fully explicated manifestation
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We have already rejected the argume
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the fulfillment of diakonia and by
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1Cf..'l1P~O:to~ 'toU Xp~O"'to{1 as
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3.1 Jewish Sources 3.1.1 The Wisdom
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author goes on to suggest that sinc
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and content of the Philonic citatio
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nificant because, as we have alread
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argument is the Targum to 1 Kings 8
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, 134 same connection, namely 6:10,
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138 possibilities find scholarly su
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••• In the world death has ce
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nicht erkl~rt. Vor allem wird er Ko
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is highly unlikely that Christ can
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Adv Haer I, 12.3 There is great con
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evidence is stronger in that both t
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There is also a totally different l
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Certainly such ideas as expressed i
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5. UAHP2MA . ITS THEOLOGICAL SIGNIF
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ment is ecclesiological and is not
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l3Cf E. Lohmeyer, Markusevangelium,
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32Colossians, pp.92-4. 33It must be
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51A•R • McGlashan, "EpheElians
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69 Cf 2 Cor 8:2. On this cf Percy,
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99Refutatio VI, 29.7; Eug 86f. 100A
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128J • Dupont, Gnosis, Louvain: 1
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154English translations from Foerst
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Our procedure will be as follows. F
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subordination texts at issue are 1
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Exactly the same question can now b
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in the metaphor which Paul is expou
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as a title~ indeed we can say more:
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he is head by virtue of some other
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. than has the genitive constructio
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.29 , all things are now in subject
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is the xElpa;x'f} of v .15: it is a
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or at least its verbal form, is use
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5. THE NATURE OF THE BODY Although
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intended to express both messianic
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assumed to have appeared ll , Best,
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30Cf above pp. 218f. 31Cf below pp.
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where these components were otherwi
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discussion7 he writes: 7 "From a st
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instructed them in the hope centred
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the same way as in 5:2 the author h
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where a.~'tof1 should be taken as r
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Adamic speculation does lie behind
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time when the Jewish Christians, of
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But what, we must ask, precisely is
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(wi th reference to 1: 3) : IIOffen
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provides him with the justification
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of Ephesians what is significant is
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the Church and world may be co-term
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There are also within the epistle i
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The h Xp,~ formula occurs some 35 t
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all these is the idea of the believ
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Church; but again here the author i
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140p.Cit., p.135; cf Rom 8:11; 1 Co
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specifically those who are newly ba
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. ·IT)O'01Y ,coming as it does aft
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In some respects the manner in whic
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to say, that in every instance the
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the Damascus road. If Luke is corre
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theology and thought it to be signi
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tion. But at this point Davies atte
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in Acts i.1-9". Although it is prob
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efers to the post-resurrection exis
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2.10 Jn 20:17 Much of the difficult
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described in the Old Testament, tha
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of ascension is 'unfinished' in tha
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understands that the appearance of
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The problem here of course centres
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on the same day and it is likely th
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Wherefore are ye corne? Whom seek y
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oth are understood as being process
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In the post-Apostolic texts discuss
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to read the prophecies in which all
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in the same text to a resurrection
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In Dial 87 Justin cites the same ps
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The author does not provide us with
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But this view is called into questi
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eference to Ps 67:19 is Adv Haer II
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In the writings of TERTULLIAN 84 we
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Of all the citations of Ps 67:19 in
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Two points are of interest here. Fi
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It is now generally agreed that thi
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IThiS time span is, to a large meas
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26Cf E. Schweizer, "Two New Testame
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43The same theological pOint is mad
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67So Charles, ibid. 68 Apol 1:21,31
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89Danielou, OPe cit., p.249, prefer
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In 1:20ff the ascension is expresse
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Ps 67:19 that the author uses thoug
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of departure for his discussion of
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Ascension of Isaiah) and to the lat
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Benoit, P. Berthelot, A. liThe Asce
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II TDNT 1, pp. 689-719. Theology of
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Davies, W.D. "Knowledge in the Dead
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Fitzmyer, J.A. "Further Light on Me
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Hayes, J.H. Helrnbold, A.K. Henneck
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Kfunrnel, W. G. Larranaga, V. Laute
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liThe Ascension and Exaltation of C
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Per1er, D. Perrin, N. Pesch, R. Peu
Page 489 and 490:
Principalities and Powers in the Ne
Page 491 and 492:
Synge, F.C. Talbert, C. "Mark II:21
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