P. Derek Overfield PhD Thesis - Research@StAndrews:FullText

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statements in v. 22b: Christ is X£~An to the Church not, primarily, because all things are subject to him, but because he is at the right hand of God. 160 Of these two reasons the first is of major significance because it implies that the emphasis is not on ascension as such, but on its theological equivalent, exaltation; Christ is exalted not by virtue of any physical ascension, but by virtue of the fact that 'he is raised from the dead'. The prime focus of the material is on the resurrection which God has accomplished and, sequentially, upon the fact that Christ is enthroned at God's right hand. Thus we see that the emphasis has indeed moved from event to status. This does of co~rse not mean that the author of the epistle had no knowledge of a physical ascension. It may well be, though we have no way of proving it, that the concept of a physical, historical ascension was in the author's mind. If this was so then we must say that the author chose to emphasise the 'theological' approach in preference to the 'historical'. This would suggest that the question which confronted the author was no longer one of explaining the cessation of the resurrection appearances, but was one of explaining the relationship that existed between, on the one hand, the resurrected, exalted Christ and God, and on the other, the relationship between the resurrected, exalted Christ and the Church. -79-
The language employed by the author is not so much metaphorical as theological, particularly such terms 161 or phrases as 162 163 hxA:I1O'"Cq.. I 165 In claiming that Christ is at the right hand of God the author is affirming the absolute and complete authority of Christ over the whole universe so that to say" 'Christ has ascended and now sits at the right hand of God, I means simply that he lives and rules with the power and authority of God . 166 himself". 7. T~::E IDENTITY OF TEE ASCE}\IDED ONE In our discussion thus far we have suggested that Jesus in his exal ta-tion was identified as the exalted Davidic Messiah, but this is not the only option open to us. 7.1 Son of Man According to S.F.B. Bedale 167 "The words (He put all things under his feet) are quoted again (previously at 1 Cor 15:27) at Eph 1:22 with reference to Christ's supremacy over principalities and powers: that is, the triumph here described is the triumph of the Son of Man. Behind this lies, perhaps, the vision of Daniel 7". -80-
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THE ASCENSION, PLEROMA AND ECCLESIA
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An ABSTRACT of a thesis entitled Th
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CONTENTS Curriculum Vitae Dedicatio
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DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated
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LXX NRT NT NTS RB RSO RGG RHPR SBL
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that many have drawn attention to t
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is concerned with the relationship
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tepx.of.1fyo", of 2:7 is intended t
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of a realised eschatology.18 In tha
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3. THE TRADITIONSGESCHICHTE 3.1 Lit
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only other transitive use of the sa
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Acts 2:33 also provides us with ano
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citation in it and in Eph 1:22. 34
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'realised' is tenable, that the dev
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the Pauline concept of a victorious
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Col 1:15ff is, as far as Colossians
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in which case the ~~~p serves to co
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Thus far we have attempted to show
Page 37 and 38: to the understanding which comes fr
Page 39 and 40: the author in presenting the ascens
Page 41 and 42: 3.4.2. Acts 1:9-11 Lohfink 72 has d
Page 43 and 44: frequently in Acts. 75 It is only i
Page 45 and 46: NT and Jewish sources such that we
Page 47 and 48: concluding with F. Hahn 94 that Ps
Page 49 and 50: us to conclude that here the psalm
Page 51 and 52: In Jewish sources the messianic int
Page 53 and 54: Gen R. 85:9 (on Gen 38:18) 'And he
Page 55 and 56: motif was not universally part of t
Page 57 and 58: Before leaving the citation in Hebr
Page 59 and 60: istic eschatological context. 122 I
Page 61 and 62: In all these citations two things a
Page 63 and 64: made in an earlier tradition. Furth
Page 65 and 66: in the opinion of the author, Ps 10
Page 67 and 68: conclude that the particular value
Page 69 and 70: There is a radical difference betwe
Page 71 and 72: a promise. The motif analysis of Ac
Page 73 and 74: preted in the light of Davidic Mess
Page 75 and 76: in their agreement they differ from
Page 77 and 78: 147 powers, though both forms occur
Page 79 and 80: description of an event having mere
Page 81 and 82: a verse very similar in part to Act
Page 83 and 84: in 'Mk' 16:9-20; Lk 24:50-53 and Ac
Page 85 and 86: parousia, in which Christ will part
Page 87: implies that the ascension is to be
Page 91 and 92: y the use of Dan 7:13. P · 1 d 173
Page 93 and 94: It is possible of course to explain
Page 95 and 96: 5:5, contains both Jew and Gentile
Page 97 and 98: The author then sees the fulfillmen
Page 99 and 100: 8The Christology of Early Jewish Ch
Page 101 and 102: 24J •A• Allen liThe 'in Christ'
Page 103 and 104: 40. cY'ltepa.\I(I) occurs only here
Page 105 and 106: 54Cf for example, J. He'ring i' Kyr
Page 107 and 108: 7lCf P. Schubert liThe Structure an
Page 109 and 110: 87This is frequently the case with
Page 111 and 112: 990 • Linton "The Trial of Jesus
Page 113 and 114: 118 Th " h "" f t " ~s p rase ~s ~n
Page 115 and 116: 140Cf Rom 6:10; 1 Cor 15:20ff, 2 Co
Page 117 and 118: l6lR • T• Lincoln Ope cit. p.48
Page 119 and 120: l81See above n.96. 182 See n.16l ab
Page 121 and 122: author returns to the original them
Page 123 and 124: T~is then being the case, it is con
Page 125 and 126: Ps 68: 18 known to the author of th
Page 127 and 128: 2.2 Ps 67 in the New Testament : Tw
Page 129 and 130: other \-lay) , it is never connecte
Page 131 and 132: The first point of contact between
Page 133 and 134: This is the weakest similarity to w
Page 135 and 136: other piece in the Psalter offers t
Page 137 and 138: which speaks of I gifts' (-11J""\!J
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Moses. Since, as we have already se
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elevant to our concern. According t
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There are two possible subjects for
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We have already offered some commen
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83 061-la. D!J;pov is otherwise alm
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, the author is stating his claim t
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and if the latter is the case we ca
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the author's text and citation bein
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that cosmic or supernatural powers
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'disarming' • If Christ is the su
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3. PS 67:19 AND ITS INTERPRETATIVE
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"Behold the nations and see, marvel
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the first of these phrases restrict
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3.2.1. In both LXX and in secular l
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technicus for the ascension, partic
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0 " . wor d xa/~a.pa.1. V€lV lS a
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figure; 10:7-31 and 11:24_26. 149 B
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Hermetic literature. lS8 This last
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which itself could well be contempo
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Despite the criticisms pointed to a
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Ch . t' h 181 rlS lan p enomenon. F
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the self-abasement of the Incarnati
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as for example that pu-t forward by
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their understanding of the ascent o
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MSS and inserted into X and C by co
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to support such a judgment. Mfp~ ha
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Pentecost were 29, 68 and the lesso
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etween Ephesians cannot be substant
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circle he gives the capacity to gro
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the ascenaea.e ~ ~ R d eemer t:o ''
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in Eph 4:8~10, that of an interpret
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The second piece o~ evidence is con
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e eXer 2i sing autr-lori ty in -che
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llLindars, OPt cit. p.52, commentin
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23Lindars does not elaborate on how
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adduced, namely that in Eph 4:8 the
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50 llThe Descent of Christ in Ephes
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67 A s, y4p' for example, in 1 Cor
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87 Rev 11:10. It also has this mean
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'to lead someone captive in a trium
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etween the PT and Rom 10:6-8. He co
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The significance of this is intensi
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l49A sindlar descent is described i
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163But cf J .M. Creed, "The Heavenl
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180Ibid p.19. Schrnithals cites Gal
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20lCffor example the commentaries c
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2140p• cit. p.539. 215It is doubt
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CI--:lA?TER 3 -,,------ ItITRODDCTI
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- th t t ~ - 1 . 4 5 . . - such as
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~\~pn,; Mt 14:20; as in the paralle
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number', and is thus equivalent to
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the OT - and this is in line with t
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is rarely if ever used reflexively
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. t t t' 29 1n erpre a 10n. We acce
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more apparent than it was real. 33
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is notoriously difficult to ascerta
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or at least were familiar with the
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corporate solution offers us some d
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sufficient to say at this point tha
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(v.22) and thus is intended to expo
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63 where, at least so Ernst argues
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means that we have to provide an ex
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y the believer (2:6f). In this exal
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potentia) by one who has fulfilled
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of is either the 'fulness of divine
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Imana which lives in us l (r.G. 287
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author writes. This view would seem
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2.4.3. Eph 4:10-13 We have argued i
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that confronts us in the first phra
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words in the citation are and it is
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used by the Gnostics and each denot
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of the Pleroma that we can build up
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the fully explicated manifestation
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We have already rejected the argume
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the fulfillment of diakonia and by
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1Cf..'l1P~O:to~ 'toU Xp~O"'to{1 as
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3.1 Jewish Sources 3.1.1 The Wisdom
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author goes on to suggest that sinc
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and content of the Philonic citatio
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nificant because, as we have alread
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argument is the Targum to 1 Kings 8
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, 134 same connection, namely 6:10,
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138 possibilities find scholarly su
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••• In the world death has ce
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nicht erkl~rt. Vor allem wird er Ko
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is highly unlikely that Christ can
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Adv Haer I, 12.3 There is great con
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evidence is stronger in that both t
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There is also a totally different l
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Certainly such ideas as expressed i
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5. UAHP2MA . ITS THEOLOGICAL SIGNIF
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ment is ecclesiological and is not
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l3Cf E. Lohmeyer, Markusevangelium,
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32Colossians, pp.92-4. 33It must be
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51A•R • McGlashan, "EpheElians
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69 Cf 2 Cor 8:2. On this cf Percy,
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99Refutatio VI, 29.7; Eug 86f. 100A
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128J • Dupont, Gnosis, Louvain: 1
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154English translations from Foerst
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Our procedure will be as follows. F
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subordination texts at issue are 1
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Exactly the same question can now b
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in the metaphor which Paul is expou
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as a title~ indeed we can say more:
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he is head by virtue of some other
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. than has the genitive constructio
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.29 , all things are now in subject
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is the xElpa;x'f} of v .15: it is a
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or at least its verbal form, is use
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5. THE NATURE OF THE BODY Although
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intended to express both messianic
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assumed to have appeared ll , Best,
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30Cf above pp. 218f. 31Cf below pp.
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where these components were otherwi
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discussion7 he writes: 7 "From a st
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instructed them in the hope centred
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the same way as in 5:2 the author h
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where a.~'tof1 should be taken as r
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Adamic speculation does lie behind
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time when the Jewish Christians, of
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But what, we must ask, precisely is
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(wi th reference to 1: 3) : IIOffen
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provides him with the justification
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of Ephesians what is significant is
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the Church and world may be co-term
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There are also within the epistle i
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The h Xp,~ formula occurs some 35 t
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all these is the idea of the believ
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Church; but again here the author i
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140p.Cit., p.135; cf Rom 8:11; 1 Co
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specifically those who are newly ba
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. ·IT)O'01Y ,coming as it does aft
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In some respects the manner in whic
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to say, that in every instance the
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the Damascus road. If Luke is corre
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theology and thought it to be signi
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tion. But at this point Davies atte
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in Acts i.1-9". Although it is prob
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efers to the post-resurrection exis
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2.10 Jn 20:17 Much of the difficult
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described in the Old Testament, tha
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of ascension is 'unfinished' in tha
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understands that the appearance of
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The problem here of course centres
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on the same day and it is likely th
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Wherefore are ye corne? Whom seek y
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oth are understood as being process
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In the post-Apostolic texts discuss
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to read the prophecies in which all
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in the same text to a resurrection
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In Dial 87 Justin cites the same ps
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The author does not provide us with
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But this view is called into questi
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eference to Ps 67:19 is Adv Haer II
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In the writings of TERTULLIAN 84 we
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Of all the citations of Ps 67:19 in
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Two points are of interest here. Fi
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It is now generally agreed that thi
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IThiS time span is, to a large meas
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26Cf E. Schweizer, "Two New Testame
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43The same theological pOint is mad
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67So Charles, ibid. 68 Apol 1:21,31
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89Danielou, OPe cit., p.249, prefer
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In 1:20ff the ascension is expresse
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Ps 67:19 that the author uses thoug
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of departure for his discussion of
Page 471 and 472:
Ascension of Isaiah) and to the lat
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Benoit, P. Berthelot, A. liThe Asce
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II TDNT 1, pp. 689-719. Theology of
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Davies, W.D. "Knowledge in the Dead
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Fitzmyer, J.A. "Further Light on Me
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Hayes, J.H. Helrnbold, A.K. Henneck
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Kfunrnel, W. G. Larranaga, V. Laute
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liThe Ascension and Exaltation of C
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Per1er, D. Perrin, N. Pesch, R. Peu
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Principalities and Powers in the Ne
Page 491 and 492:
Synge, F.C. Talbert, C. "Mark II:21
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