P. Derek Overfield PhD Thesis - Research@StAndrews:FullText

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attention not only to the external arguments that support the hypothesis but also - weight of the discussion will be - and here the main paying particular attention both to primary sources and to the exegesis of the text. 4. THE ASCENSION: FOUR THEORIES 4.1 A New Moses The theory that Eph 4:8-10 is intencec to portray Christ as the new Moses rests largely on the possibility of the Rabbinic interpretation of the citation of Ps 68:18 being present in this text. 205 As we have shown 206 there can be no doubt that Ps 68:18,19 was in Rabbinic tradition associated very definitely with Moses and his ascent of Mt. Sjnai. At first sight it would appear very probable that this interpretation has been carried over into Eph 4:8-10 with the psalm citation being so closely linked with the Targurnic interpretation of Ps 68:18. It would seem almost necessary to argue that the whole point of the change from ~)..a,~€(; 06(.l0.'t0. ~v &.vep6nt~ to ~&ooX€V 06(.10.'t0. 'tor, &.yep6ntoL~ is that the author wishes to cite this phrase according to its Rabbinic understanding, with the underlying inference being obvious: the Rabbinic authors attach this text to -153-
their understanding of the ascent of Moses to obtain the Law; we attach the same text to our understanding of Christ's ascent, not to Mt. Sinai, but to h3aven from where he will give not the Torah, but the New Torah, which is in fact the totality of gifts that are present in the Church! ·But the great weakness of this theory is that in the verses which the author inserts to clarify the meaning of the psalm citation there is no suggestion of the Moses theme. 207 The Targum, if it has any influence at all, influences only the actua.l text of the citation; it has no bearing at all on the theological statement being made. Exactly the same thing applies to Rom 10: 6-8 where, a,s we have seen, the text is influenced by the sar.~ traditions that are present in PT to Deut 30:12-14 but, by means of a methodology almost identical to that USEd in Ep~ 4:8-10, a quite different theological concept is introduced'. The fact that both Rom 10:6-8 and Eph 4:8-10 contain OT citations which, at least textually, may owe their origin to Rabbinic traditions which are concerned with Moses, but which at the same time introduce interpretative comments which are not concerned with the Moses motif is good reason for suggesting that this motif was, although known by Christians, not in current vogue - either in the church at Rome or amongst the recipients of the Epistle to the Ephesians. -154-
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THE ASCENSION, PLEROMA AND ECCLESIA
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An ABSTRACT of a thesis entitled Th
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CONTENTS Curriculum Vitae Dedicatio
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DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated
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LXX NRT NT NTS RB RSO RGG RHPR SBL
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that many have drawn attention to t
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is concerned with the relationship
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tepx.of.1fyo", of 2:7 is intended t
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of a realised eschatology.18 In tha
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3. THE TRADITIONSGESCHICHTE 3.1 Lit
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only other transitive use of the sa
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Acts 2:33 also provides us with ano
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citation in it and in Eph 1:22. 34
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'realised' is tenable, that the dev
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the Pauline concept of a victorious
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Col 1:15ff is, as far as Colossians
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in which case the ~~~p serves to co
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Thus far we have attempted to show
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to the understanding which comes fr
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the author in presenting the ascens
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3.4.2. Acts 1:9-11 Lohfink 72 has d
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frequently in Acts. 75 It is only i
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NT and Jewish sources such that we
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concluding with F. Hahn 94 that Ps
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us to conclude that here the psalm
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In Jewish sources the messianic int
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Gen R. 85:9 (on Gen 38:18) 'And he
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motif was not universally part of t
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Before leaving the citation in Hebr
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istic eschatological context. 122 I
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In all these citations two things a
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made in an earlier tradition. Furth
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in the opinion of the author, Ps 10
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conclude that the particular value
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There is a radical difference betwe
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a promise. The motif analysis of Ac
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preted in the light of Davidic Mess
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in their agreement they differ from
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147 powers, though both forms occur
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description of an event having mere
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a verse very similar in part to Act
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in 'Mk' 16:9-20; Lk 24:50-53 and Ac
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parousia, in which Christ will part
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implies that the ascension is to be
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The language employed by the author
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y the use of Dan 7:13. P · 1 d 173
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It is possible of course to explain
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5:5, contains both Jew and Gentile
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The author then sees the fulfillmen
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8The Christology of Early Jewish Ch
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24J •A• Allen liThe 'in Christ'
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40. cY'ltepa.\I(I) occurs only here
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54Cf for example, J. He'ring i' Kyr
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7lCf P. Schubert liThe Structure an
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87This is frequently the case with
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990 • Linton "The Trial of Jesus
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118 Th " h "" f t " ~s p rase ~s ~n
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140Cf Rom 6:10; 1 Cor 15:20ff, 2 Co
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l6lR • T• Lincoln Ope cit. p.48
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l81See above n.96. 182 See n.16l ab
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author returns to the original them
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T~is then being the case, it is con
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Ps 68: 18 known to the author of th
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2.2 Ps 67 in the New Testament : Tw
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other \-lay) , it is never connecte
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The first point of contact between
Page 133 and 134: This is the weakest similarity to w
Page 135 and 136: other piece in the Psalter offers t
Page 137 and 138: which speaks of I gifts' (-11J""\!J
Page 139 and 140: Moses. Since, as we have already se
Page 141 and 142: elevant to our concern. According t
Page 143 and 144: There are two possible subjects for
Page 145 and 146: We have already offered some commen
Page 147 and 148: 83 061-la. D!J;pov is otherwise alm
Page 149 and 150: , the author is stating his claim t
Page 151 and 152: and if the latter is the case we ca
Page 153 and 154: the author's text and citation bein
Page 155 and 156: that cosmic or supernatural powers
Page 157 and 158: 'disarming' • If Christ is the su
Page 159 and 160: 3. PS 67:19 AND ITS INTERPRETATIVE
Page 161 and 162: "Behold the nations and see, marvel
Page 163 and 164: the first of these phrases restrict
Page 165 and 166: 3.2.1. In both LXX and in secular l
Page 167 and 168: technicus for the ascension, partic
Page 169 and 170: 0 " . wor d xa/~a.pa.1. V€lV lS a
Page 171 and 172: figure; 10:7-31 and 11:24_26. 149 B
Page 173 and 174: Hermetic literature. lS8 This last
Page 175 and 176: which itself could well be contempo
Page 177 and 178: Despite the criticisms pointed to a
Page 179 and 180: Ch . t' h 181 rlS lan p enomenon. F
Page 181 and 182: the self-abasement of the Incarnati
Page 183: as for example that pu-t forward by
Page 187 and 188: MSS and inserted into X and C by co
Page 189 and 190: to support such a judgment. Mfp~ ha
Page 191 and 192: Pentecost were 29, 68 and the lesso
Page 193 and 194: etween Ephesians cannot be substant
Page 195 and 196: circle he gives the capacity to gro
Page 197 and 198: the ascenaea.e ~ ~ R d eemer t:o ''
Page 199 and 200: in Eph 4:8~10, that of an interpret
Page 201 and 202: The second piece o~ evidence is con
Page 203 and 204: e eXer 2i sing autr-lori ty in -che
Page 205 and 206: llLindars, OPt cit. p.52, commentin
Page 207 and 208: 23Lindars does not elaborate on how
Page 209 and 210: adduced, namely that in Eph 4:8 the
Page 211 and 212: 50 llThe Descent of Christ in Ephes
Page 213 and 214: 67 A s, y4p' for example, in 1 Cor
Page 215 and 216: 87 Rev 11:10. It also has this mean
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Page 219 and 220: etween the PT and Rom 10:6-8. He co
Page 221 and 222: The significance of this is intensi
Page 223 and 224: l49A sindlar descent is described i
Page 225 and 226: 163But cf J .M. Creed, "The Heavenl
Page 227 and 228: 180Ibid p.19. Schrnithals cites Gal
Page 229 and 230: 20lCffor example the commentaries c
Page 231 and 232: 2140p• cit. p.539. 215It is doubt
Page 233 and 234: CI--:lA?TER 3 -,,------ ItITRODDCTI
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- th t t ~ - 1 . 4 5 . . - such as
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~\~pn,; Mt 14:20; as in the paralle
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number', and is thus equivalent to
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the OT - and this is in line with t
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is rarely if ever used reflexively
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. t t t' 29 1n erpre a 10n. We acce
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more apparent than it was real. 33
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is notoriously difficult to ascerta
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or at least were familiar with the
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corporate solution offers us some d
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sufficient to say at this point tha
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(v.22) and thus is intended to expo
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63 where, at least so Ernst argues
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means that we have to provide an ex
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y the believer (2:6f). In this exal
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potentia) by one who has fulfilled
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of is either the 'fulness of divine
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Imana which lives in us l (r.G. 287
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author writes. This view would seem
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2.4.3. Eph 4:10-13 We have argued i
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that confronts us in the first phra
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words in the citation are and it is
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used by the Gnostics and each denot
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of the Pleroma that we can build up
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the fully explicated manifestation
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We have already rejected the argume
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the fulfillment of diakonia and by
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1Cf..'l1P~O:to~ 'toU Xp~O"'to{1 as
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3.1 Jewish Sources 3.1.1 The Wisdom
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author goes on to suggest that sinc
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and content of the Philonic citatio
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nificant because, as we have alread
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argument is the Targum to 1 Kings 8
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, 134 same connection, namely 6:10,
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138 possibilities find scholarly su
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••• In the world death has ce
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nicht erkl~rt. Vor allem wird er Ko
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is highly unlikely that Christ can
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Adv Haer I, 12.3 There is great con
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evidence is stronger in that both t
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There is also a totally different l
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Certainly such ideas as expressed i
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5. UAHP2MA . ITS THEOLOGICAL SIGNIF
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ment is ecclesiological and is not
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l3Cf E. Lohmeyer, Markusevangelium,
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32Colossians, pp.92-4. 33It must be
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51A•R • McGlashan, "EpheElians
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69 Cf 2 Cor 8:2. On this cf Percy,
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99Refutatio VI, 29.7; Eug 86f. 100A
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128J • Dupont, Gnosis, Louvain: 1
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154English translations from Foerst
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Our procedure will be as follows. F
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subordination texts at issue are 1
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Exactly the same question can now b
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in the metaphor which Paul is expou
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as a title~ indeed we can say more:
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he is head by virtue of some other
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. than has the genitive constructio
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.29 , all things are now in subject
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is the xElpa;x'f} of v .15: it is a
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or at least its verbal form, is use
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5. THE NATURE OF THE BODY Although
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intended to express both messianic
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assumed to have appeared ll , Best,
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30Cf above pp. 218f. 31Cf below pp.
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where these components were otherwi
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discussion7 he writes: 7 "From a st
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instructed them in the hope centred
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the same way as in 5:2 the author h
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where a.~'tof1 should be taken as r
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Adamic speculation does lie behind
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time when the Jewish Christians, of
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But what, we must ask, precisely is
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(wi th reference to 1: 3) : IIOffen
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provides him with the justification
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of Ephesians what is significant is
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the Church and world may be co-term
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There are also within the epistle i
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The h Xp,~ formula occurs some 35 t
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all these is the idea of the believ
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Church; but again here the author i
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140p.Cit., p.135; cf Rom 8:11; 1 Co
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specifically those who are newly ba
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. ·IT)O'01Y ,coming as it does aft
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In some respects the manner in whic
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to say, that in every instance the
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the Damascus road. If Luke is corre
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theology and thought it to be signi
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tion. But at this point Davies atte
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in Acts i.1-9". Although it is prob
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efers to the post-resurrection exis
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2.10 Jn 20:17 Much of the difficult
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described in the Old Testament, tha
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of ascension is 'unfinished' in tha
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understands that the appearance of
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The problem here of course centres
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on the same day and it is likely th
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Wherefore are ye corne? Whom seek y
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oth are understood as being process
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In the post-Apostolic texts discuss
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to read the prophecies in which all
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in the same text to a resurrection
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In Dial 87 Justin cites the same ps
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The author does not provide us with
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But this view is called into questi
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eference to Ps 67:19 is Adv Haer II
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In the writings of TERTULLIAN 84 we
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Of all the citations of Ps 67:19 in
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Two points are of interest here. Fi
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It is now generally agreed that thi
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IThiS time span is, to a large meas
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26Cf E. Schweizer, "Two New Testame
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43The same theological pOint is mad
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67So Charles, ibid. 68 Apol 1:21,31
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89Danielou, OPe cit., p.249, prefer
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In 1:20ff the ascension is expresse
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Ps 67:19 that the author uses thoug
Page 469 and 470:
of departure for his discussion of
Page 471 and 472:
Ascension of Isaiah) and to the lat
Page 473 and 474:
Benoit, P. Berthelot, A. liThe Asce
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II TDNT 1, pp. 689-719. Theology of
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Davies, W.D. "Knowledge in the Dead
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Fitzmyer, J.A. "Further Light on Me
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Hayes, J.H. Helrnbold, A.K. Henneck
Page 483 and 484:
Kfunrnel, W. G. Larranaga, V. Laute
Page 485 and 486:
liThe Ascension and Exaltation of C
Page 487 and 488:
Per1er, D. Perrin, N. Pesch, R. Peu
Page 489 and 490:
Principalities and Powers in the Ne
Page 491 and 492:
Synge, F.C. Talbert, C. "Mark II:21
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