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Radar System Engineering

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544 THE RECEIVING SYSTEM—INDICATORS [SEC. 13.18<br />

The performance of this type of PPI is comparable to that in which<br />

the transmitter trigger is generated automatically. Technically, it<br />

involves fewer parts, its method of area balancing has somewhat greater<br />

reliability, and it has the advantage of being usable with self-synchronous<br />

modulators. In common with all balanced-waveform methods, its<br />

duty ratio is limited to some 50 to 60 per cent unless excessively large<br />

peak currents are used in the balancing waveforms.<br />

13.18. The Method of Pre-time-base Resolution.—In certain cases<br />

it is desirable to transmit the scanner data in terms of slowly varying<br />

sine and cosine voltages derived from a sine-cosine potentiometer, or by<br />

the modulated-carrier technique used in the B-scope of Sec. 13.14. These<br />

are used as potential sources for sawtooth generators, as indicated in<br />

Fig. 13.51, where the switches represent double-sided clamps that are<br />

_<br />

. .<br />

FIG. 13.51 .—Pre-time-base resolution method of PPI ssnthesis.<br />

opened during the sweep interval. Thus the signals at the input to the<br />

amplifiers are sine-and-cosine-modulated sawteeth of precisely the same<br />

nature as those obtained by passing a sawtooth through a synchro. The<br />

amplifiers can, therefore, be identical with those of Fig. 13.46. If it is<br />

too inconvenient to provide both polarities, one can be omitted in each<br />

circuit and a phase-inverting amplifier inserted between the sawtooth<br />

generator and the final amplifiers. In this case, however, it will be necessary<br />

either to use d-c coupling (which is difficult) or to provide clamps on<br />

the grids of the final amplifiers.<br />

This method can be used at very high scanning speeds, since it is<br />

possible to use a variable condenser for carrier modulation. It has<br />

advantages over the resolved–time-base methods when very fast sweeps<br />

are used, since there is no starting delay such as that introduced in passing<br />

sweeps through a synchro. It can also be advantageously used when the<br />

scanner is so remote as to make the transmission of sweep signals by<br />

cable difficult, and when the scan is at the same time too rapid to permit

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