Moravian Preservation Master Plan.indb - Society for College and ...

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Moravian College • Preservation Master Plan Figure 5-1. Physiographic Provinces of Pennsylvania. Annotated to show location of Bethlehem and Lehigh River (Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. www.dcnr.state.pa.us/topogeo. Accessed December 12, 2008). North Main Street Campus Steel Field Hurd Campus Figure 5-2. USGS topographical map of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Annotated to show locations of the separate campuses (United States Geological Survey). John Milner Associates • October 2009 • Chapter 5 • Cultural Landscapes • 70
Main Street Moravian College • Preservation Master Plan provide water in all seasons and was a primary reason for the purchase of this particular tract. The hillside on which the town was located was wooded with a steep descent to the Lehigh River and Monocacy Creek. The creek flowed south along the west side of the future city and then turned east, meeting the river southeast of the town site, which formed a long east-west peninsula between the two waterways. On the south side of the Monocacy Creek peninsula was a ford across the river. The new town was sited “some distance from the river” beside an old Indian trail that extended north and west from the ford, crossing the peninsula and Monocacy Creek, and running uphill past the new site (Murtagh 1967:23). Moravian College consists of three campuses: the Hurd Campus, the North Main Street Campus, and Steel Field. The Hurd Campus was constructed at the location of part of the original settlement of Bethlehem, atop the bluff overlooking the confluence of the Lehigh River and Monocacy Creek (figure 5-2). The North Main Street Campus, approximately eight blocks north of the Hurd Campus, was built on a hill above the northern reaches of Monocacy Creek. Steel Field was constructed on the eastern slope of a minor north-south tributary to the creek, approximately three blocks east of the North Main Street Campus. The settlement that became the Hurd Campus developed alongside the early Bethlehem industrial complex, which arose to the west of the central core of the town along Monocacy Creek and just one block from the campus. The need for water and a sufficient current for mill power dictated the selection of the site, which surrounded the original town spring. A millrace, no longer extant, was dug parallel to the Monocacy to power a grist and fulling mill and an oil mill. During a later expansion of the industrial area in 1829, the Lehigh Canal was constructed parallel to the river and is extant on the other side of Monocacy Creek, past the south boundary of the Hurd Campus (Kane 1963:3-5; Murtagh 1967:13-15; Myers 1981:35). City of Bethlehem Moravian College lies within the jurisdiction of the City of Bethlehem and is subject to compliance with the city’s Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance, as well as the city’s zoning and building permitting regulations (City of Bethlehem). Church Street Hurd Campus Figure 5-3. Bethlehem Historic District map, annotated to show the location of Hurd Campus (“Historic and Conservation Districts,” City of Bethlehem web site, http://www.bethlehem-pa.gov/dept/planning_Zoning_Permits/historicDistricts.htm. Accessed December 12, 2008). John Milner Associates • October 2009 • Chapter 5 • Cultural Landscapes • 71
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