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References 225<br />

nickel–metal hydrate cells is nearly direct replacement for NiCd, yet they yield better<br />

capacity but have somewhat poorer self-discharge.<br />

A lithium polymer battery contain a nonliquid electrolyte, which makes it a solidstate<br />

battery. This allows one to fabricate it in any size and shape; however, these<br />

batteries are the most expensive. Rechargeable alkaline batteries have low cost and<br />

good power density. However, their life cycles are quite low.<br />

References<br />

1. Widlar, R. J. Working with high impedance Op Amps. In: Linear Application<br />

Handbook. National Semiconductor, 1980.<br />

2. Pease, R. A. Improve circuit performance with a 1-op-amp current pump. Electronic<br />

Design News, 85–90, Jan. 20, 1983.<br />

3. Bell, D.A. Solid State Pulse Circuits, 2nd ed. Reston, Reston, VA, 1981.<br />

4. Sheingold, D. H., ed. Analog–Digital Conversion Handbook, 3rd ed. Prentice-<br />

Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1986.<br />

5. Williams, J. Some techniques for direct digitization <strong>of</strong> transducer outputs, In:<br />

Linear Technology Application Handbook, National Semiconductor, 1990.<br />

6. Park, Y. E. and Wise, K. D. An MOS switched-capacitor readout amplifier for<br />

capacitive pressure <strong>sensors</strong>. IEEE Custom IC Conference, 1983, pp. 380–384.<br />

7. Stafford, K.R., Gray, P. R., and Blanchard, R.A. A complete monolithic sample/hold<br />

amplifier. IEEE J. <strong>of</strong> Solid-State Circuits, 9, pp: 381–387, Dec. 1974.<br />

8. Cho S. T. and Wise, K. D. A self-testing ultrasensitive silicon micr<strong>of</strong>low sensor.<br />

Sensor Expo Proceedings, 1991, p. 208B-1.<br />

9. Weatherwax, S. Understanding constant voltage and constant current excitation<br />

for pressure <strong>sensors</strong>. SenSym Solid-State Sensor Handbook. © Sensym, Inc.,<br />

1991.<br />

10. Coats, M. R. New technology two-wire transmitters. Sensors 8(1), 1991.<br />

11. Sheingold, D. H., ed. Nonlinear Circuits Handbook. Analog Devices, Inc. Northwood,<br />

MA, 1974.<br />

12. Johnson, J. B. Thermal agitation <strong>of</strong> electricity in conductors. Phys. Rev. 1928.<br />

13. The Best <strong>of</strong> Analog Dialogue. Analog Devices, Inc., Northwood, MA, 1991.<br />

14. Rich, A. Shielding and guarding. In: The Best <strong>of</strong> Analog Dialogue. Analog Devices,<br />

Inc., Northwood, MA, 1991.<br />

15. Ott, H. W. Noise Reduction Techniques in Electronic Systems. John Wiley &<br />

Sons, New York, 1976.<br />

16. Williams, J. High speed comparator techniques. In: Linear Applications Handbook.<br />

Linear Technology Corp., 1990.<br />

17. Pascoe, G. The choice <strong>of</strong> solders for high-gain devices. New Electron. (U.K.)<br />

1977.<br />

18. Powers R.A. Batteries for low power electronics. In: Proc. IEEE 83(4), 687–693,<br />

1995.

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