Educability-and-Group-Differences-1973-by-Arthur-Robert-Jensen

336 Educability and Group Differences
disabled. The average annual income is below the OEO Poverty
Guidelines. Half of the mothers were on Welfare or Aid to
Dependent Children Programs. . . . [About 40 percent of the
white mothers had completed high school.] The typical black
family . . . is likely to be one in which the natural father is
not at home. If he is, he is usually employed in maintenance
work, in the military service, or is a trainee in some OEO
program designed to find jobs for the hard-core unemployed.
The average annual family income is about the same as that for
the urban white families and is well below the OEO Poverty
Guidelines. At least 70 percent of the mothers are receiving
Welfare, Aid to Dependent Children, or Social Security payments.
The average number of children in the family was about
the same as in the . . . white families. [20 percent of the
Negro mothers had completed high school.]
The medical and nutritional assessments of the nineteen target
children were extremely extensive and thorough. More than fifty
physical signs were checked in the children’s medical histories and
examinations at the time of the study. Detailed study was made
of the children’s diets and was compared with the National
Nutrition Survey’s standards for dietary intakes of calories, proteins,
vitamins, and minerals recommended for healthy four- to
six-year-old children.
No appreciable nutritional difference was found between the
Negro and white samples, and both groups were well above the
standards recommended by the National Nutrition Survey.
Concerning the results of the medical examinations, the investigators
state: ‘In general, these children were considered to have
physical findings within normal limits’ (p. 31). In some ways
the health conditions of these children were surely not typical of
average American children; about half the subjects in each
group, for example, had pin worms. But in both groups extremely
thorough examination revealed none of the physical or emotional
symptoms associated with poor nutrition and usually seen in the
studies conducted in Africa, Asia, Mexico, and South America.
With the small samples of this study, the correlations between
physical indices and IQ would have too little reliability to be
interpretable; they showed no consistent pattern and the authors
comment that: