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Evaluating Country Programmes 104 Checklist of questions (cont.) What should be included in the country background section? In what depth? – Economic structure/performance/prospects – Poverty profile: percentages below poverty line(s), human development indicators – Poverty analysis: poverty processes, coping strategies, characteristics of the poor/major groups among the poor – Partner country politics: history, degree of democracy/participation, nature of institutions, bases for mobilisation (ethnicity, class, region…) – Partner country policy: macro-economic, social, sectoral – Partner country aid environment analysis: degree of aid dependency, volume and trends in total aid, major actors, perceived comparative advantages – Socio-cultural description/analyses: gender, class, community, ethnic relations – Local project area description/needs analysis Contents of background on donor country programme Comparators-nothing will be ideal, but there should be an explicit requirement to compare performance when possible – Country programmes of other donors, same country – Other country programmes, same donor, especially in same world region – Comparable projects run by partner government/other donors/NGOs Attribution, accounting for fungibility and constructing meaningful counter-factuals – In most CPE situations no clear solution to these issues: but should be drawn to attention of evaluators and considered in writing CPE Sources of information – Interviews, workshops, documentary file reviews – Donor HQ staff-regional desk officers, sectoral advisors, etc. – Donor CP senior staff – Donor CP project staff – Partner government-Ministry of Finance, aid co-ordinating agencies, M and E/audit units – Partner government-partner line ministries and agencies – Implementing partners (e.g. NGOs, contractors) – Fieldwork/beneficiary consultations Methodology: data collection and analysis – Interviews – Workshop discussions – Structured workshop discussions: ranking, scoring, classification – Project evaluation questionnaire: evaluators rank/score/classify projects and national CP (explicit definition of ‘‘good’’, ‘‘average’’, ‘‘poor’’ needed) on basis of interviews/document reviews/workshops – Self-evaluation questionnaires: CP staff rank/score/classify performance of their projects and national CP (good guidance on ‘‘good’’, ‘‘average’’, ‘‘poor’’ needed); list or prioritise problems faced/strengths and weaknesses – Client surveys: as above, but projects and CP evaluated by partner government officials or implementing NGOs rather than donor staff – Econometric analysis: attempt to construct a national economic model and assess counterfactual, non-aid outcomes for comparison – Fieldwork (project aid): surveys, R/PRA techniques to assess impact, obtain beneficiary perspectives Source: Authors. OECD 1999
Country programme evaluations – See Appendix 2.1. OECD 1999 Bibliography Independent evaluations of donor country programmes Country Programme Evaluation: A State of the Art Review Maxwell, Simon (1996), Does European aid work? An Ethiopian case study. IDS Working Paper 46: Sussex. Cowiconsult (1991), Effectiveness of multilateral agencies at country level: case study of eleven agencies in Kenya, Nepal, Sudan and Thailand. Prepared for Danida by COWIconsult, Denmark. INTRAC (1996), Differing approaches to development assistance in Cambodia: NGOs and the European Commission. INTRAC August 1996: commissioned by the NGO Forum on Cambodia. Country programme Evaluation methodology: guidelines, reviews, concept papers, terms of reference Maxwell, Simon (1997), “The use of matrix scoring to identify systemic issues in country-programme evaluation” pp. 408-415 in Development in practice Vol. 7 No. 4 IDS 1997. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1998), Country evaluation guidelines. Evaluation Division of Economic Co-operation Bureau, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan: March 1998. Danida (1998a), Approach paper: evaluation of the Danish development support to Bangladesh. Danida (1998b), TOR: evaluation of the Danish development support to Bangladesh. IDB (1996), 1996 Country Paper evaluability exercise. Evaluation Office of the Inter-American Development Bank Working Paper WP-11/96: Washington DC: December 1996. IDB (1998, draft), Country Assistance Evaluation in the multilateral development banks: approaches, instruments, and best practice. Evaluation Office (EVO) of the Inter-American Development Bank for the Evaluation Co-operation Group of the Multilateral Financial Institutions: December 1998. 105
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