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Evaluating Country Programmes 112 The country programme evaluation of Egypt Country programme evaluations: some general characteristics The Policy and Operations Evaluation Department (IOB) embarked upon a first series of country programme evaluations in 1991. This series dealt with the bilateral development assistance programmes with India, Mali and Tanzania. The respective reports, together with a fourth report containing the main findings and summaries of the three country cases, and a synthesis of common issues on aid management were submitted by the Minister for Development Co-operation to Parliament in mid-1994. In 1995, IOB started a second series of country programme evaluations including the aid programmes for Bangladesh, Bolivia and Egypt. The objective of both sets of studies was to assess the policy relevance, effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability of the results of the bilateral aid programme with the respective countries. All CPEs covered the full period of the bilateral development co-operation, i.e. a period of about twenty years. The studies had an identical approach and organisation. The evaluation started with an inventory of all activities (projects, programme aid, etc.) financed under the programme; subsequently the various activities were clustered into sectors. A number of sectors were selected for detailed evaluation, including field studies. Separate analyses were made of commodity import support, debt relief and other forms of macro-economic support. These studies and the evaluations of project aid in the selected sectors were carried out by teams of independent researchers and consultants involving expatriate and local evaluators. Each country programme evaluation was co-ordinated by an IOB staff member and one external adviser, who together were responsible for writing the final report. The second set of CPEs differed from the first in several respects. Following the further integration of development co-operation into foreign policy, the aid effort was placed in the context of the overall bilateral relations between the Netherlands and the recipient country. Moreover, greater attention was paid to two priority themes of the Netherlands’ development assistance: environment and the role of women in development, and the dynamics of the programme during the period under review. Furthermore, all three CPEs included perception studies to assess how Dutch aid was perceived by the local communities. Finally, the recipient countries were more closely involved in the evaluation process. This involvement took different forms in the three countries; the main difference being that there were advisory groups in the recipient countries for the Bolivian and Egyptian CPEs, whereas feedback in Bangladesh was organised through sectoral and programme-level seminars. For all three countries, an official reaction was included in the final report. Conversely, aid management in a generic sense was omitted as a specific theme since it received ample attention in the previous series of CPEs, and recent changes in the organisation of the Ministry of OECD 1999
OECD 1999 CPE in the Netherland’s Development Assistance: The Case of Egypt Foreign Affairs made evaluation of that theme less opportune. Specific aspects of aid management were, however, included in the efficiency analyses at individual activity and sector levels. There were also some differences among the CPEs for Bolivia, Bangladesh and Egypt, which were chiefly related to the nature of the aid programme. In this regard, attention to aid channelled through NGOs in the Bangladesh and Bolivia CPEs must be mentioned. Evaluation methodology CPE Egypt The first step in the evaluation process was to formulate the objective and key questions to define the main concepts and determine the scope of the study. Key questions were: – How did the aid programme relate to the recipient country’s principal development concerns and to the policies of Egypt and the Netherlands? – What were the results of the aid programme and how did the programme’s activities contribute to the main objectives and priorities of the Netherlands’ development assistance? – How efficiently were the activities organised and carried out? – To what extent are the results of the Netherlands’ development assistance sustainable? These key questions were subsequently elaborated on in a series of further questions and indicators to assess aid performance. In addition, two questions which the Minister for Development Co-operation was particularly interested in were added, namely: – How did the aid programme fit into the overall bilateral relations between the Netherlands and Egypt? – And what was the effect of the Netherlands’ aid programme on Egypt’s development policies for the relevant sectors? A second step in the evaluation process was to identify all bilateral aid activities and disbursements for the full period of the exercise since 1975. This inventory revealed the wide scope and fragmentation of the aid programme and led to the conclusion that it was virtually impossible to examine all supported activities in detail. Therefore, a selection had to be made of those activities to be included in the evaluation. First, activities were grouped into two main categories of aid: nonproject aid, or programme aid and project aid. Subsequently, programme aid was sub-divided into commodity import support and financial programme aid. Commodity import support was then classified according to main sectors and combined with project aid provided in the same sectors in order to obtain an overall picture 113
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