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Evaluating Country Programmes
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Gender
Social relations in Tanzania are largely governed by patriarchy, which favours
males as bread winners and females as household caretakers. This situation
strengthened an ideology of male superiority and female and youth inferiority,
which continues to influence work patterns, division of labour, particularly in agriculture,
and access to education and skills. Results of a survey conducted in 1997
showed: In the public sector, there were 14 women Executive Directors, 100 men;
Court of Appeal Judges, 0 women, 5 men; District Commissioners, 18 women,
79 men. In agriculture, women’s participation in food crop production was 75% compared
to 25% for men.
Although women produce between 60 and 80% of food and cash crops, land can
only be inherited through the male children. The current land policy gives equal
access to land for men and women provided it is outside defined clan land, denying
the right to land ownership to large segments of the female population in rural
areas. Enrolment in technical education records 6% women, 94% men; university
education 21.8% women, 78.2% men. Women and youth performance in economic
activities follow the same pattern. Patriarchy determines gender relations across
the social strata.
Patriarchal relations are also reflected in various bodies of Tanzanian Law,
including the Constitution which guarantees equality to all people before the law
but does not spell out age and gender. In many cases, statutory laws such as the
Marriage Act and the Customary Law still provide rationale for patriarchal ideology
and practise.
SDC – Swiss country programme for Tanzania: Case study on methodological
experiences in country programme evaluations (CPEs)
Introduction
The SDC in Tanzania has just entered into its third country programme (CP)
period, i.e. 1999 – 2003. It is interesting to note that there were important dynamics
in relation to methodologies as well as approaches used in reviews, evaluations
and ultimate formulation of subsequent country programmes. The following is a
brief outline of methodological experiences on CPEs in the SDC Tanzania covering
the CP 1993 – 98 and CP 1999 – 2003. The outline has also incorporated partners‘
responses to the SDC on metholology as well as on the initiative towards a partnership
in development co-operation.
The first SDC country programme for Tanzania was outlined in 1986, covering a
period of six years to 1992. This CP was reviewed during the formulation of the second
CP 1993 – 1998.
OECD 1999