Flood Risk and Vulnerability Analysis Project - Atlantic Climate ...

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coordinates of the SPOT imagery using control points. A reasonable root mean squared error (RMSE) was achieved during the registration process, but it is important to note that the classified EOSD dataset was processed using coarser resolution than the reference SPOT data; therefore, spatial shifts may still exist but are minor. After georeferencing was complete, a final EOSD mosaic dataset was created. 3.3.3 Land Cover Classification Land cover classification was performed through a multi-step process detailed below. General steps include; (1) image preprocessing and mosaicing, (2) ISODATA unsupervised classification and aggregation, (3) change detection processes, (4) classification corrections and manual edits, (5) land cover tabulations by watershed, and (6) accuracy assessment. Accuracy assessment results are presented in the results section. 3.3.3.1 Image Preprocessing Due to the large geographic area and the high frequency of clouds and ice in the study area, more than 100 SPOT images and image fragments were used in this study. For each watershed, mosaics of images with similar reflectance characteristics were combined to create larger images where possible. Histogram matching was used to reduce pixel variation within aggregated images. For the remaining, adjacent datasets with high levels of variation in pixel values at overlapping areas (likely due to temporal resolution), performing an atmospheric correction process to apparent reflectance values would not have provided any benefit (see additional information in Recommendations). Clouds and ice were then masked from areas where they represented a large proportion of existing imagery in order to remove these skewed pixel values during the classification. TA1112733 38
Figure 3-3. Graphical model of land cover/land use classification methods used in this study 3.3.3.2 ISODATA Classification and Aggregation Images and image groups with similar visual characteristics were then classified using the ISODATA (Iterative Self Organizing Data Analysis Techniques) algorithm within the software ERDAS Imagine. The ISODATA algorithm is an unsupervised classification that generates statistically significant clusters of similar pixels based on values within each band and the userdefined number of clusters. The number of clusters selected for a particular classification was dependent on the overall size of the image or image group but ranged from 20 for small images to 100 for large images (the larger the image, the greater number of pixels, the greater number of clusters selected). Clusters were then manually assigned to one of six land cover classes using higher resolution aerial and satellite imagery. ISODATA is very similar to the Fuzzy K Means unsupervised classification used in the Stephenville, Newfoundland land cover classification study. To create the 7 th land cover class for 2010 conditions, municipal area 15 boundaries were then used to separate non-forest vegetation into open space (municipal green space) vs. fields/pasture (agricultural land outside municipal boundaries). The classification at this point takes on more of a land cover / land use data set with the influence of supporting GIS data. The 8 th and 9 th classes showing the type of deforested land conversion were then accomplished with an overlay and reclassify of EOSD data (methods described below). Final land cover classes (Table 3-5) for the Flood Vulnerability study. Non-forest vegetation from the original classification is separated into Fields/Pastures or Open Space relative to municipal boundaries. Two types of deforestation are reported based on original land cover class. 15 Municipal boundaries provided by Charmaine Winter, Computer Programmer 1 (GIS), NL Dept. of Municipal Affairs, (709) 729-6666, cwinter@gov.nl.ca. TA1112733 39
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Atlantic Climate Adaptation Solutio
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GOVERNMENT OF NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABR
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June 13, 2012 AMEC Project #TA11127
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Government of
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Assessing the Need for New or Updat
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SUMMARY The Government of Newfoundl
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Land Use Change A pre-cursor effort
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fresh water from the Arctic south a
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Page 19 and 20: RECOMMENDATION SUMMARY Infrastructu
Page 21 and 22: 7. It is recommended that WRMD deve
Page 23 and 24: TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE EXECUTIVE SU
Page 25 and 26: 7.3 References for Assess Need for
Page 27 and 28: LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1. Flood Eve
Page 29 and 30: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2-1. Water R
Page 31 and 32: 1. OVERVIEW In the 1980‟s, under
Page 33 and 34: Floodway Floodway Fringe Climate Ch
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Page 37 and 38: Management Framework for Canada def
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Page 43 and 44: Arrangements 10 (DFAA) damage estim
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Page 47 and 48: 2.3.2 Weather Events - Annual Occur
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Page 53 and 54: Type of Event (Grouped) % Occurrenc
Page 55 and 56: Figure 2-11. Flood Occurrence by Se
Page 57 and 58: Coastal Flooding Coastal Flooding a
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o Because winter temperatures show
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Worst Case Scenarios This section
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5. A hurricane making landfall on t
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Standards Association 21 recommends
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WRMD has defined a preference for h
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The hydrographic network was used t
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4.1.8 Flood History Identification
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Watershed Slope The slope attribute
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such as number of flood events at a
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Deer Lake Placentia Codroy Steady B
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TA1112733 page 109
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5.2 Methods The methodology used fo
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Reported Event Damages Storm# Locat
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Given the reported damages resultin
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Figure 5-3. Storm tracks for select
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natural constrictions. The number a
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5.5.2 Community Exposure to Physica
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Community Number of Events 2011 Pop
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Community Access Notes Confinement
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Brook and Deer Lake are both locate
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Warning Systems 1. It is recommende
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source of flood vulnerabilities com
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Figure 6-2. Newfoundland Digital El
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communities ( Gillams, Hughes Brook
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Sub-region Precipitation Climate Ch
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Analysis of the socio-economic data
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East-2 Coastal communities line nea
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6.2.2 Potential Strategies Table 6-
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6.3 Mitigation Recommendations Base
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Table 6-5 presents the range of ave
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West-3, West-4, and Central-3 These
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Mitigation Strategy Cost to Impleme
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Sub-region Watershed Characteristic
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TA1112733 page 155
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Music and Caya, 2007 Richter and Ba
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http://www.arcgis.com/home/item.htm
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Rank Community Name LGP# 82 Massey
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Rank Community Name LGP# 252 Little
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Rank Community Name LGP# 423 Thornl
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FOX ISLAND RIVER-POINT GALLANTS GEO
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GEORGE'S BROOK-MILTON GOOBIES GRAND
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Flood # Storm # General Location St
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11. Appendix D IDF Curves Report TA
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Development of Projected Intensity-
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Storm Duration Development of Proje
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1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003
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Mean Annual Total Precipoitation, m
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Storm Duration Storm Duration Devel
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Storm Duration Storm Duration Storm
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Codroy Valley Watershed Topography
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Parson's Pond Watershed Topography
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Rushoon Watershed: Topography Eleva
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Eastern Watersheds, East Topography
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Eastern 54°0'0"Watersheds, West To
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Central Watersheds, 57°0'0"W East
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Central 58°0'0"W and Western Water
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Badger and Rushy 58°0'0"W Pond Wat
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Cox's Cove Watershed: Land Cover 58
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Ferryland Watershed Land Cover 60°
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49°0'0"N Glenwood-Appleton 56°0'0
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Parson's Pond Watershed: Land Cover
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Rushy Pond Watershed: 57°0'0"WLand
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Stephenville Crossing Watershed: La
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Whitbourne and Brigus Watersheds: L
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Eastern Watersheds 2: Land Cover Ha
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Eastern Watersheds, East: Land Cove
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