-_,7=.... ~ ___"___202THE WRETCHED OF THE EARTHCOLONIAL WAR AND MENTAL DISORDERS203After two weeks his thinking becameable to establish contact. We managed to reconstructman's dramatic story.During adolescence he had been an ardent scout and becameone <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> leaders in <strong>the</strong> Muslim scout movement. But at agenineteen he completely abandoned <strong>the</strong> scouts to devote himselfentirely to his pr<strong>of</strong>ession. A passionate student <strong>of</strong>mechanical dataprocessing he dreamed <strong>of</strong> becoming a leading specialist in <strong>the</strong>field. November I, 1954, found him absorbed in strictly pr<strong>of</strong>essionalmatters. At <strong>the</strong> time he showed no interest in <strong>the</strong> nationalliberation struggle. He had already forsaken his former friends.He said he was at <strong>the</strong> time "entirely devoted to improving histechnical abilities."mid-1955, however, during a family reunion he suddenlyparents considered him a traitor. After alH::eUll!! impression lost its but deep down hefelt strangely auxlUU:;He decided, <strong>the</strong>refore.ing and talkingroom. Avoided any contact. It was<strong>the</strong> catastrophe occurred. Onearound half past twelve, he distinctly heard a voicctraitor. He tumed around, but saw nobody. He hurried ondecided to stay away from work. He stayed in his room and didnot have any dinner. It was during <strong>the</strong> night he suffered <strong>the</strong> attack.For three hours he heard all kinds <strong>of</strong> insults, voices cryingin his head and in <strong>the</strong> darkness: "Traitor ... coward ... all yourbro<strong>the</strong>rs are dying ... traitor ... traitor."He was gripped by an indescribable anxiety: "For eighteenhours my heart beat at one hundred and thirty beats per minute.I thought 1 was going to die."From that moment on <strong>the</strong> patient could no longer swallow athing. He got thinner by <strong>the</strong> minute, kept himself in pitch darknessand refused to see his parents. Around <strong>the</strong> third day he isolated himself in prayer. He told me he remained kneeling seventeento hours a day. On <strong>the</strong> fourth day, acting on im"like a madman" with "a beard which must have madeeven more a madman," he went out without hisjacket or tic. Once he stepped into <strong>the</strong> street he had noto but walked and after a while found himselfsector. His physical appearance (he could beseems to have protected him from beingstopped and questioned by <strong>the</strong> French police, whereas, next tohim, Algerian men and women were being arrested,insulted, and searched. Paradoxically he had no identIty paperson him. The fact that <strong>the</strong> enemy patrols instinctively showedconsideration confirmed his delusion that "everyone knows he'son <strong>the</strong> side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> French. The soldiers <strong>the</strong>mselves have ordersto leave him alone."Moreover, <strong>the</strong> looks <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> Algerians arrested with <strong>the</strong>ir handsbehind <strong>the</strong>ir necks, waiting to be searched, seemed to him to befull <strong>of</strong> contempt Stricken by an uncontrollable agitation hequickly strode away. It was <strong>the</strong>n he found himself in front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>French staff headquarters. At <strong>the</strong> gate stood several soldiers armedwith machine guns. He walked over toward <strong>the</strong> soldiers, hurledonto one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m and tried to grab his machine gun,"1 am an Al' genan.I"under control he was led into <strong>the</strong> police <strong>of</strong>tomake him confess <strong>the</strong> namesleadersnetwork for which hewas supposedly worKmg. Auer apolicediers realized <strong>the</strong>y were dealing WIth aamination was ordered that concluded he wasmental disorders and should be admitted to a hospital.wanted to do," told us, "was to die. Even at <strong>the</strong> policeI believed and hoped that after <strong>the</strong>y had tortured me <strong>the</strong>y wouldkill me. I was happy to be beaten because that proved <strong>the</strong>y consideredme to be one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> enemy as welL I couldn't go on
204 THE WRETCHED OF THE EARTHhearing those accusations and do nothing. I'm not a coward. I'mnot a sissy. I'm not a traitor."z7Case No.3-Anxiety disorder in a young Frenchwoman whosefa<strong>the</strong>r, a senior civil servant, was killed in an ambushThis twenty-one-year-old student came to consult meanxiety symptoms that were interfering with her studiesand social life. Hands constantly clammy and at times presentedtruly alarming symptoms when water "dripped from her hands."Chest constrictions accompanied by nocturnal migraine. Bit hernails. But what caught our attention especially was <strong>the</strong> clearlyoverdesirous way to make contact whereas <strong>the</strong>re was a sense <strong>of</strong>considerable underlying anxiety. She brushed aside her fa<strong>the</strong>r'sdeath, which was recent judging by <strong>the</strong> date, in such an <strong>of</strong>fhandway that we quickly turned our investigation to hertionship with her fa<strong>the</strong>r. We were given a clear, absolutely luciddescription, so lucid as to be almost insensitive, which revealedby its very rationality <strong>the</strong> nature and origin <strong>of</strong>this young woman'sdisorder."My fa<strong>the</strong>r was a senior civil servant. He was in charge <strong>of</strong> avast rural area. As soon as <strong>the</strong> troubles broke out, he threw himselflike a maniac into a frenzied manhunt for Algerians. Sometimeshe could nei<strong>the</strong>r eat nor sleep, he was so worked upquelling <strong>the</strong> rebellion. I watched helplessly as my fa<strong>the</strong>r slowlychanged. In <strong>the</strong> end I decided not to go and see him anymoreand stay in town. In fact every time I went home <strong>the</strong> screamscoming from downstairs kept me awake at night. They were torturingAlgerians in <strong>the</strong> cellar and <strong>the</strong> disused rooms so as to getinformation out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m. You can't imagine how horrible it is to27 During <strong>the</strong> year 1955 cases <strong>of</strong> this sort were extremely numerous in Algeria.Unfortunately, not all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m had <strong>the</strong> good fortune to be admitted toa hospital.COLONIAL WAR AND MENTAL DISORDERS 205hear screams like that all through <strong>the</strong> night. Sometimes I wonderhow a human being can put up with it, I don't mean torturingbut simply hearing someone scream in pain. And it went onand on. Eventually I never went back. The few times my fa<strong>the</strong>rcame to see me in town I couldn't look him in <strong>the</strong> face I was sohorribly frightened and embarrassed. I found it increasingly difficultto kiss him."You see I'd lived for a long time in <strong>the</strong> village. I know almostall <strong>the</strong> families. I had played with <strong>the</strong> young Algerians <strong>of</strong>my age when we were little. Every time I went home my fa<strong>the</strong>rwould tell me a new batch <strong>of</strong> people had been arrested. In <strong>the</strong>end I no longer dared go out in <strong>the</strong> street, I was so sure I'dencounter hatred everywhere I looked. Deep down I knewAlgerians were right. If I were Algerian I'd join <strong>the</strong> resistancemovement."One day, however, she received a telegram announcing tha<strong>the</strong>r fa<strong>the</strong>r had been seriously injured. She went to <strong>the</strong> hospitaland found her fa<strong>the</strong>r in a coma. He died shortly afterward. Herfa<strong>the</strong>r had been wounded during a reconnaissance mission witha military detachment. The patrol had fallen into an ambush laidby <strong>the</strong> Algerian National Army."The funeral sickened me," she said. "All those <strong>of</strong>ficials mourningover <strong>the</strong> death <strong>of</strong> my fa<strong>the</strong>r whose 'high moral qualities hadwon over <strong>the</strong> native population' made me feel nauseous. Everyoneknew it wasn't true. Nobody could remain ignorant <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>fact that my fa<strong>the</strong>r had ruled all <strong>the</strong> interrogation centers in <strong>the</strong>area with an iron fist. They knew that ten people were killedunder torture, and yet <strong>the</strong>y came to recite <strong>the</strong>ir lies abouthis devotion, his self-sacrifice, his love for his country, etc .... Ihave to confess that words don't mean much to me now,not very much. I went straight back to town and avoided <strong>the</strong>authorities. They <strong>of</strong>fered me financial support but I refused. Forme it was bought with <strong>the</strong> blood my fa<strong>the</strong>r had spilled. I don'twant any <strong>of</strong> it. I intend to work."--.=8'"~.,
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OTHER WORKS BY FRANTZ FANON PUBLISH
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Foreword: Framing Fanonby Homi K. B
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