IxPREFACEPREFACElxi~, 'f'f!,can see, Europe leaks like a sieve. What <strong>the</strong>n has happened?Quite simply this: we were <strong>the</strong> subjects <strong>of</strong> history, and now we are<strong>the</strong> objects. The power has been reversed, decolonizationis in progress; all our mercenaries can try and do is delay itscompletion.But in order to do that, <strong>the</strong> former metropolises would haveto pull out all <strong>the</strong> stops and commit all <strong>the</strong>ir forces to a battIein advance. That old colonial brutality that made Bugeauda dubious hero, here it is at <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> colonial venture appliedtenfold yet still insufficient. The troops are dispatched toAlgeria where <strong>the</strong>y have held out for seven years with noThe violence has changed direction; victorious, we enforced itwithout it ever seeming to affect us; it dislocated <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r,whereas our humanism as men remained intact. United by pr<strong>of</strong>it,metropolitans baptized <strong>the</strong>ir commonwealth <strong>of</strong> crimes FraandLove. Today, <strong>the</strong> very same violence, blockaded everywhere,comes back to us through our soldiers, internalizes itselfand possesses us. Involution begins: <strong>the</strong> colonized reintegrate<strong>the</strong>mselves, and we, <strong>the</strong> reactionaries and <strong>the</strong> liberals, <strong>the</strong>nists and <strong>the</strong> metropolitans, disintegrate. Fury and fear areready stripped naked: <strong>the</strong>y are laid bare in <strong>the</strong> brutal punitiveraids in Algiers. Where are <strong>the</strong> savages now? Where is <strong>the</strong> barbarity?Nothing is missing, not even <strong>the</strong> drums: <strong>the</strong> car hornshammer out, "Algeria for <strong>the</strong> French," while <strong>the</strong> Europeans burntIle Muslims alive. Not so long ago, Fanon recalls, a <strong>of</strong>psychiatrists deplored Algerian criminality: <strong>the</strong>se people are killing<strong>the</strong>mselves, <strong>the</strong>y said, it's not normal; <strong>the</strong> cortex <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Algerianmust be underdeveloped. In Central Africa o<strong>the</strong>rs establishedthat "<strong>the</strong> Mrican uses his frontal lobes very little." These scientistswould do well to pursue <strong>the</strong>ir research in Europe, and especially among <strong>the</strong> French. For we, too, must be affected by frontalidleness for some time now: our patriots have been assassinating<strong>the</strong>ir fellow countrymen, and if <strong>the</strong>y find no one home, <strong>the</strong>y blowup <strong>the</strong> concierge and <strong>the</strong> house. This is only <strong>the</strong> beginning; civilwar is predicted for autumn or next spring. Our lobes, however,seem perfectly normal: couldn't <strong>the</strong> reason be ra<strong>the</strong>r that, powerlessto crush <strong>the</strong> "native," violence turns inward, bottlesup deep inside us, and seeks an outlet? The unity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Algerianpeople produces <strong>the</strong> disunity <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> French: throughout <strong>the</strong>territories <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ex-metropolises <strong>the</strong> tribes are dancing and preparingto fight. Terror has left Mrica to settle here; for <strong>the</strong>re arefanatics who want to make us pay with our blood for <strong>the</strong>shame <strong>of</strong> having been beaten by <strong>the</strong> "native," and <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong>re are<strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs, all <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs, <strong>the</strong> liberals, <strong>the</strong> hardliners <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong>less Left who are just as guilty (after Bizerta, after <strong>the</strong> Septemberlynchings, who took to <strong>the</strong> streets to shout "Enough is enough"?),but more composed. The fever is mounting in <strong>the</strong>m, too, as wellas spiteful anger. But <strong>the</strong>y're scared stiff! They conceal <strong>the</strong>ir ragebehind myths and complicated rituals. In order to delay <strong>the</strong> finalreckoning and <strong>the</strong> hour <strong>of</strong> truth, <strong>the</strong>y have given us a GrandMagician as our leader whose function is to keep us in <strong>the</strong> darkat any cost. To no effect; hailed by some, rejected by o<strong>the</strong>rs, violencegoes round in circles: one day it explodes in Metz, <strong>the</strong> nextday in Bordeaux; now it's here, <strong>the</strong>n it's <strong>the</strong>re, like <strong>the</strong> gamepass <strong>the</strong> slipper. Slowly but surely it is our turn to head down<strong>the</strong> road to "native" status. But in order to become genuine "natives"our territory would have to be occupied by <strong>the</strong> formerlycolonized and we would have to be starving to death. This willnot be <strong>the</strong> case; no, it is <strong>the</strong> demise <strong>of</strong> colonialism that possessesus; we shall soon be mounted by it in all its arrogance and senility;that is our zar, that is our loa. And you will be convinced onreading Fanon's last chapter that it is better to be a "native"<strong>the</strong> pit <strong>of</strong> misery than an erstwhile colonist. It is not right that apolice <strong>of</strong>ficer should be obliged to torture ten hours a day: atrate his nerves will go to pieces, unless torturers are forbidden towork overtime in <strong>the</strong>ir own interest. When you want to safeguard<strong>the</strong> morale <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nation and <strong>the</strong> army under <strong>the</strong> rigor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> law,it is not right for <strong>the</strong> latter to systematically demoralize <strong>the</strong> former.Nor for a country with a republican tradition to entrust its youngmen by <strong>the</strong> hundreds <strong>of</strong> thousands to putschist <strong>of</strong>ficers. It is not
lxiiPREFACEmy fellow countrymen, you who know all <strong>the</strong> crimes committedour name, it is really not right not to brea<strong>the</strong> a wordabout <strong>the</strong>m to anybody, not even to your own soul, for fear <strong>of</strong>having to pass judgment on yourselves. At first you had no idea,I am prepared to believe it, <strong>the</strong>n you suspected, and now youknow, but you still keep silent. Eight years <strong>of</strong>silence have a damagingeffect. And in vain: <strong>the</strong> blinding glare <strong>of</strong> torture is high in<strong>the</strong> sky, flooding <strong>the</strong> entire country; under this blaze <strong>of</strong>light, nota single laugh rings true any longer, not a single face that is notpainted to mask <strong>the</strong> anger and <strong>the</strong> fear, no longer a single actthat does not betray our disgust and our complicity. Todayever two Frenchmen meet, <strong>the</strong>re is a dead body between <strong>the</strong>m.And did I say one ... ? France was once <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> a country;be carefullest it become <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> a neurosis 1961.Will we recover? Yes. Violence, like Achilles' spear, can healwounds it has inflicted. Today we are in chains, humiliated,sick with fyar: at our lowest ebb. Fortunately for us, this is stillnot enough for <strong>the</strong> colonialist aristocracy: it cannot accomplishits rearguard mission in Algeria until it has first finished colonizing<strong>the</strong> French. Every day we shrink back from <strong>the</strong> fight,rest assured it will be inevitable. The killers, <strong>the</strong>y need it; <strong>the</strong>ywill swoop down on us and lash out haphazardly. The time forillusionists and wizardry is over: ei<strong>the</strong>r you fight or rot in <strong>the</strong>camps. This is <strong>the</strong> last stage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dialectic: you condemn thiswar but you don't yet dare declare your support for <strong>the</strong> Algerianfighters; have no fear, you can count on <strong>the</strong> colonists and mercenariesto help you up your mind. Perhaps, <strong>the</strong>n,your back to <strong>the</strong> wall, you will finally unleash this new violencearoused in you by old, rehashed crimes. But, as <strong>the</strong>y say, that isano<strong>the</strong>r story. The history <strong>of</strong> man. The time is corning, I am convinced,when we shall join <strong>the</strong> ranks <strong>of</strong> those who are making it.The Wretched <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Earth September 1961
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